Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展

第38卷 第3期 2019年5

生 态 科 学 38(3): 235?240

月 Ecological Science May 2019

吕箫, 冯远娇, 王晓宜, 等. Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展[J]. 生态科学, 2019, 38(3): 235?240.

LV Xiao, FENG Yuanjiao, WANG Xiaoyi, et al. Research progress on the effects of Bt crops straw return on soil ecosystem[J]. Ecological Science, 2019, 38(3): 235?240.

Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展

吕箫1,2,3, 冯远娇1,2,3, 王晓宜1,2,3, 王建武1,2,3,*

1. 华南农业大学农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室, 广州 510642 2. 广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术中心, 广州 510642 3. 华南农业大学资源环境学院生态学系, 广州 510642

【摘要】随着Bt作物种植面积的逐年增加, 人们对Bt作物释放后潜在的安全性也越来越关注。Bt作物释放的Bt蛋白可以主要通过秸秆还田方式进入土壤进而可能会对土壤生态系统造成影响。本文综述了Bt作物秸秆还田释放的Bt蛋白在土壤中的降解及对土壤生态系统影响的研究进展。重点阐述了①Bt作物秸秆还田释放的Bt蛋白在土壤中的降解; ②Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤微生物的影响; ③Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤动物的影响; ④Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤酶活性的影响; ⑤Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤养分含量的影响。从而为Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤环境的生态风险评价提供参考。

关键词：Bt作物; 秸秆还田; 土壤生态系统

doi:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2019.03.029 中图分类号：S154.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-8873(2019)03-235-06

Research progress on the effects of Bt crops straw return on soil ecosystem

LV Xiao1,2,3, FENG Yuanjiao1,2,3, WANG Xiaoyi1,2,3, WANG Jianwu1,2,3,*

1. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

2. Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China

3. Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China Abstract: With the planting area of Bt crops increasing yearly, people pay more attention to potential security about Bt crops. Bt protein released by Bt crops can enter the soil mainly by returning straw to the field, which may affect the soil ecosystem. This paper reviews the progress of the degradation of Bt protein released from Bt crop straw return to soil and its effects on soil ecosystem. It discusses the degradation of Bt protein released from Bt crop straw return to field in soil; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil microorganisms; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil animals; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil enzyme activities; and the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil nutrient content. This can provide a reference for the ecological risk assessment of Bt crops straw return on soil environment. Key words: Bt crops; straw return; soil ecosystem

0 前言

自1983年首次获得转基因烟草和马铃薯以来,

收稿日期: 2019-02-05; 修订日期: 2019-03-10

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31370543, 31470574, 41101279, 31170506)

植物基因工程技术发展迅速, 已成功培育出一批抗虫、抗病、耐除草剂和高产优质的农作物新品种, 转基因作物的种植取得了巨大经济、环境和社会效益,

作者简介: 吕箫(1993—), 男, 湖北黄冈人, 硕士研究生, 主要从事转基因生物安全性评价研究, E-mail: 271426178@qq.com *通信作者: 王建武, 男, 博士, 教授, 主要从事转基因生物安全性评价及循环农业研究, E-mail: wangjw@scau.edu.cn