专题一 单项填空 第1讲 名词和冠词
1. The International Monetary Fund has received both criticism and______for its efforts to promote financial stability, prevent crises, facilitate trade and reduce poverty. A. worship
B. credit
C. argument
D. privilege
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 国际货币基金组织因其在促进经济稳定、预防危机、促进贸易和减少贫困方面所做的努力既受到批评, 也赢得了声望。worship崇拜, 尊敬; credit称赞, 声望; argument争论; privilege特权, 优惠。 【加固训练】
—Why did you take so many courses this semester? —To get more______. A. approval
B. credits
C. permission
D. dilemma
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: ——你为什么这一学期选修了这么多课程? ——为了多修学分。approval同意, 批准, 赞同; credit学分, 信用; permission许可; dilemma困境, 进退两难。credit在本题中属于一词多义, 熟词生义的用法, credit除上面两个词义外还表示“赊欠, 贷款”。
2. (2015·金华二模)Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children here had no______to education. A. access
B. approach
C. attitude
D. attraction
【解析】选A。句意: 在这个贫困地区实施希望工程之前, 这儿的孩子们没有接受教育的机会。have access to可以获得或使用; approach方法; attitude态度; attraction吸引, 吸引力。
3. I felt ______ sudden urge to tell him all my problems but I held back because I was afraid that he would make ______ fun of me. A. a; /
B. the; /
C. a; the
D. the; a
【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 我突然产生一种强烈要把我所面临的问题都告诉他的欲望, 但是我犹豫了, 因为我害怕他会嘲笑我。an urge to do sth. “做某事的强烈欲望”, sudden以辅音音素开头, 故要用a; make fun of为固定短语, 不加任何冠词。
4. Children enjoying parents’ ______during their growth tend to have better living habits than left-behind children. A. company C. command
B. compromise D. comprehension
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意: 在成长的过程中享受父母陪伴的孩子比留守儿童趋向于有更好的生
活习惯。company陪伴; compromise妥协, 折中; command命令; comprehension理解。与题干后面的left-behind children相对应, 应是有父母陪伴的孩子。
5. The dentist gave me a shot which took______almost immediately and I didn’t feel a thing. A. offense
B. charge
C. action
D. effect
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 牙医给我打了一针, 它几乎马上就起效了, 我都没有感到任何疼痛。take offense生气; take charge of主管, 负责; take action采取行动; take effect生效, 起作用。 6. (2015·嘉兴二模)Peter’s application for a visa was rejected because he didn’t follow the right______. A. program C. pattern
B. procedure
D. content
【解析】选B。句意: 彼得的签证申请被拒绝了因为他没有遵守正确的程序。procedure程序, 手续, 步骤; program程序, 计划; pattern模式, 图案; content内容。
7. At the celebration gathering, President Xi expressed his belief that Macao will progress in______more steady manner on the right track, guided by______“one country, two systems”policy. A. a; a
B. a; the D. the; a
C. the; the
【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意: 在庆祝会上, 习主席表述了他的信心, 在“一国两制”的政策指导下, 澳门将在正确的道路上以更稳妥的方式发展。第一个空是表示“一种……的方式”, 填不定冠词a; 第二个空是特指, 填定冠词the, 修饰policy。
8. A survey shows that American teenagers have a______for Instagram and Twitter rather than Facebook. A. basis
B. talent D. reputation
C. preference
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 一项调查表明与Facebook相比, 美国青少年更偏爱Instagram和Twitter。basis基础; talent才能; preference偏爱; reputation声望, 名声。从后面的rather than Facebook可知美国青少年更偏爱Instagram和Twitter, 因此have a preference for这一固定短语与语境相符。
9. (2015·绍兴模拟)It is a pure______that Richard and Julia have come up with the same approaches to the problem. A. coincidence
B. incident
C. dilemma D. occasion
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意: 理查德和朱莉娅提出了解决问题的同样的方法这完全是一个巧合。coincidence巧合; incident事件, 事变; dilemma困境, 进退两难的选择; occasion时机, 机会, 场合。 10. (2015·杭州二模)The Jurassic Park is______movie of Steven Spielberg’s in which______hero fights bravely and protects his friends and family from dinosaurs. A. 不填; the C. 不填; a
B. a; the D. the; a
【解析】选B。考查冠词的用法。句意: 《侏罗纪公园》是一部史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格的电影, 在这部电影中主角勇敢地斗争并保护他的朋友和家人不受恐龙的威胁。第一空是泛指, 用a; 第二空是强调该影片的主角, 应特指, 填the。故选B。
11. (2015·宁波二模)According to the 2015 Higher Education World Reputation Rankings, Tsinghua University moved to 26th from 36th last year and Peking University rose nine places to 32th, reflecting our country’s ______ to developing world-class universities. A. commitment
B. instruction
D. permission
C. responsibility
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意: 根据2015年世界高等教育声誉排行榜, 清华大学从去年的36位前进到26位, 而北京大学上升了九位升至32位, 这反映了我们国家对培育世界级大学的承诺。commitment承诺, 保证, 献身; instruction指令, 说明; responsibility责任; permission允许。
12. (2015·诸暨模拟)While traveling by plane, I prefer having______window seat so that I can have______better view of the outside. A. a; a
B. the; a D. a; the
C. the; the
【解析】选A。考查冠词的用法。句意: 乘飞机旅行时, 我更喜欢靠窗的座位以便我能更清楚地看到外面的风景。第一个空用不定冠词a表示泛指一个座位; have a better view of为短语考查, 要用不定冠词a。
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