英语诗歌的格律

nourished by.

This you perceivest， which makes thy love more strong，

To love that well which thou must leave ere long.

Notes：may?st：may behold：see late：no long ago thou：you see?st：see

fadeth：fades doth：does seals up all at rest：彻底埋葬

thy：your perceivest： perceive ere long： before long

此诗是莎士比亚（William Shakespeare，

1564-1616）的一首十四行诗。作为英国文学巨匠他以37部剧作和154首十四行诗屹立于世界文坛。

此诗为五音步抑扬格，每个诗行格律为：︶－

／︶－／︶－／︶－／︶－／。

全诗涉及衰老、死亡及爱情问题。前十二行：通过描写深秋的树枝黄叶凋零，曾是百鸟争鸣的歌坛，联想到自身青春会如夕阳消逝在远方，被黑夜吞没；自身的青春会如将尽的柴火奄奄一息，被曾滋养过它的火焰焚化。其中choirs（歌坛），deathbed（灵床）使用暗喻手法，同时又用夕阳和柴火象征人的衰老死

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亡。最后两行：点题，人们对即将永别的东西会更珍惜。本文动词变化具有明显的伊利沙白时代的特点。

2. The Daffodils

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o?er vales and hills， When all at once I saw a crowd， A host of golden daffodils；

Beside the lake， beneath the trees， Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way， They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay： Ten thousand saw I at a glance，

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced； but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee： A poet could not but be gay， In such a jocund company：

I gazed - and gazed - but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought： For oft， when on my couch I lie

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In vacant or in pensive mood， They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude；

And then my heart with pleasure fills， And dances with the daffodils.

Notes： a crowd， a host of： many sprightly：happy glee：joy

jocund：happy bliss：complete happiness pensive：sadly thoughtful

华兹华斯（William Wordsworth，1770-1850），十九世纪初英格兰北部湖区三大“湖畔派诗人”（浪漫主义）之一。此诗向我们描绘了一幅美好的自然景象，同时抒发作者对自然美景的喜欢。黄水仙据说是威尔士国花（1282年，威尔士归顺英格兰，被封公国），在英国广泛栽种，春季开花，花期不长。有许多关于黄水仙的诗歌，这首诗无疑是脱颖而出的。

全诗语言精炼，通俗易懂，四音步抑扬格，分四节（stanza），每节6行，每节押韵均为ababcc.第一节写诗人孤寂时外出散步，偶遇水仙；第二节写水仙争相开放，千姿百态；第三节，诗人看到这景象感到欣喜异常；第四节写诗人在日后忧郁时，回想当时情景，又让他心中充满了欢乐，随着水仙跳起舞来。

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3. Song of Myself

I celebrate myself， and sing myself， And what I assume you shall assume，

For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loafe and invite my soul，

I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

My tongue， every atom of my blood， form?d from this soil， this air，

Born ere of parents born here from parents the same， and their parents the same，

I， now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin，

Hoping to cease not till death. Creeds and schools in abeyance，

Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are， but never forgotten.

I harbor for good or bad， I permit to speak at every hazard.

Nature without check with original energy.

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