英美文化概论
Comprehensive Test I
II.
1.What are the difference between subcultures and counterculture?
? subculture: share many elements of mainstream, maintain own distinctive customs, values
and lifestyles counterculture: reject the conventional wisdom and provide alternatives to mainstream
2.What are the major events that led to the outbreak of the Civil War?
? John Brown, tried to began a slave rebellion in Virginia/ election of Abraham Lincoln
3.How are college students selected in the United States?
?
a) high school records
b) recommendation from high school teachers c) the impression during the interview d) score on the SAT
4.What king of changes has the American workforce undergone in the past few decades?
? a) the structure: (labor market) from manufacturing-based to service-oriented (the employment distribution) from blue-collar to white-collar b) sharp increase of women in number
5.What does “the feminization of poverty” mean? And how has it affected the American family?
? single mothers account for about half of households with children living below the poverty
line
6.What are fundamental principles established by constitution?
? a) popular sovereignty: control by the people b) a republic government in which the people choose representatives to make decisions for them c) limited government with written laws d) separation of powers e) a federal system
英美文化概论
III.
1.What are the main characteristics of religious in America?
? a)diversity
b) freedom: government not interfere
c) competition: adept at organizing and marketing d) commitment: high proportion believing in God
2.How did Horace Mann’s ideas on mass education influence the education system in the United States?
? education should not be reserved for the high class, but should be extended to all people “common school”: public education open to all, supported by all and controlled by all
4.What kind of changes has the American family experienced since the 1950s?
? decrease of classic American family(traditional nuclear)
rise of dual-employed, blended, child-free, single-parent, gay and lesbian, cohabitation and independent living
5.What was the constitutional convention in 1787 hold for?
? discuss the changes which would be necessary to strengthen the Articles of Confederation
英美文化概论
Comprehensive Test II
II.
1.What are the main natural resources in the United States?
? water, forests, mineral and agricultural resources
2.What were John Dewey’s major contribution to American education?
? a) what to teach: “the only worthwhile knowledge is knowledge that can be used” school
should not teach useless facts but teach attitudes and skill so as to produce useful, responsible and happy adults b) how to teach: “learning best by doing” school should help develop special abilities and subjects should be adjusted to the child’s innate capacities
3.What are the main problems in the American media?
? a) tendency toward conglomeration: economic forces reduce the number of media
operations b) influence of advertising: likely to ignore or minimize a news item that may harm its advertiser c) an uniformed public: the general public isn’t well-informed about politics and public affairs media: entertainment-oriented
4.What kind of difficulties have the Asian American experienced in American society?
? a)early immigrants: viewed as competitors for scarce jobs/ Chinese Exclusion Act(1882) b) discrimination against Asians
5.What do you know about Electoral College?
? not excitable masses supposedly dispassionate, reasonable
body that elects the president and vice-president with total number of members, 538 each state represented by the same number of members as in its congressional delegation
6.What does ”detente” mean? How did the US government apply this policy during the Cold War?
? meaning: a relaxing of strained relationships between nations officially recognized the People’s Republic of China
Nixon visit China and signed the “Shanghai Communique”
Jimmy Carter: abandon a 30-year-old position that the government of Taiwan was the official government of China
英美文化概论
III.
1.What do you know about the two Protestant denominations founded in the United States—— the Mormons and the Christian Scientists?
? Mormons: at first practiced polygamy and throve in Utah discontinued the practice
until 1896 one of the fastest growing denomination Christian Scientists: man is wholly spiritual so that healing of sickness results from spiritual understanding rather than from medical treatment Christian Science Monitor is considered one of the nation’s finest newspapers
3.How did the United States transform from an agricultural country to a post-industrial one?
? from agricultural to industrial:
a) abundant natural resources
b) large labor supply brought by waves of immigrants c) the assembly line d) development of transportation e) sufficient capital f) favorable political and social climate
from industrial to post-industrial: manufacture of information and knowledge has dominated American Economy
4.How has the two-party system evolved in the United States?
? a)the election system: tendency for some groups within a district to form coalitions b) the effect of the presidency c) the division of interests: a polarization of interests on any problem in the country
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