209高考英语概要作技巧讲解
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2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解
一、考点分析
（一）考查内容：
1、 2、 3、 4、
考查读懂文章内容的能力 考查识别作者写作目的的能力 考查归纳总结的能力 考查组织文章的能力
（二）评分要点
? 1）字数50左右
? 2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点
? 3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 ? 4）完全使用自己的语言
? 5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 二、专题详解
定义：
It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、
体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。 （三）写作方法
Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题
Step 2. 明确文章结构 （总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列） Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息 Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿 Step 5. 润色成文
1) 找准体裁，提炼要点
按体裁
① 保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容 ② 删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和记叙文，主要信息应包括：When? Where? Who? What? Why? How(时间先后顺序/事情发展顺序)? Result 议论文，作者的观点。作者如何论证自己的观点的 (举例证明2) 语言：同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构 的，归纳总结 例证的内容和作用) 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 结构①：原文 【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】 → 【总-分】 精品文档
① 同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语
（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important）
② 句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；） ③ 句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等
3) 衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词
替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,
转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand 省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。 增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…;
and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however,
例（一）
Chris is not a traditional explorer(探险者). Yet his job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer. Chris works for MSF, an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders (无国界医生). MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to help people after a war or a disaster. Chris is a doctor from France who has travelled to many plates to organize programs that help people. At the moment, there are 27,000 trained medical staff taking part in MSF tasks. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and of course doctors with experience in tropical (热带) diseases are especially useful because most of MSF’s work is in Africa. When doctors completed a few tasks, they might be sent on an emergency task following a disaster such as an earthquake. But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary to join MSF? According to Chris, the experience you gain is a great help in your career. Besides, just like the explorers of the past, you need to keep an open mind and learn to mix well with the people you meet. Most importantly, at the end of each task, you have made a real difference to people’s lives. 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 体裁：记叙文 Who, What – his job What, where Why: 精品文档
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Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks his job is meaningful/helpful and he gains a lot. （同义词转换） People who live in the countryside generally live longer than those who live in the city. A number of reasons may help explain this point. 体裁：议论文 结构：总分 To start with, farmers are in close contact with nature. They breathe fresh air. They make friends with trees and stones, cows 作者观点： and dogs. They listen to the songs of birds. They fight with strong winds. This contact with nature is good for the health of both body and spirit. 论点 ① Next, hard physical work keeps farmers fit and healthy. It is widely believed that farmers suffer from far less diseases than 论点 ② people in the city. There are many diseases that are common in the 论点 ③ city, but not in the countryside. For example, near-sightedness is almost unknown to farmers. Besides, being free from urban 论点 ④ pressure does good to the health of farmers. Moreover, because there are less cars, motorcars and other 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除 论点 ⑤ 精品文档
kinds of vehicles in the countryside, one can walk more freely without being afraid of accidents. The environment is better in the countryside, which makes the farmers live a quiet and peaceful life. The farmers can also get fresh grain, vegetables, fruits and milk easily. They enjoy these advantages that people living in the city cannot. 总结句，呼应观点
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Summary ：
People from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantages such as close with nature, physical work, being free from urban pressure, more free walk, quiet and peaceful environment, fresh food, etc. （句式改变） Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to 体裁：说明文 protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of 说明对象：Windbreak nature. One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks (防风林). Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants with many leaves. Farmers plant them in lines around their fields. Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops. They are very important for growing grains, such as wheat. There have been studies done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. It is found that grain harvests can be 20% higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection. However, windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through. If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely, then violent air movements will take place close to the ground. These movements will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only 60% to 80% of the trees and plants needed to form a solid 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
① 目的、用途 ② 构成 ③ 功能，作用 （2个）
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