GRE作文Argument模板+错误分类

18, Failing to consider the feasibility of the conclusion:解决办法没有可行性

The feasibility of the arguer’s proposal can also be cast doubt on. The proposal relies on an assumption that (the proposal could be successfully carried out)however, the assumption might be unwarranted due to some critical obstacles. (possible obstacles to the effectiveness of the solution. )Unless the author could demonstrate that those obstacles could be effectively overcome, the proposal might be practically unfeasible.

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19, Failing to weigh the advantage and disadvantage thoroughly:没考虑解决方法带来的坏处 In claiming that ... the author needs to do more comprehensive research on both positive and negative effects of the proposal. Although the proposal could be adopted to (solve the problem) to a certain degree, however, carrying out the proposal may actually bring about more harmful effects. (possible harmful effects ignored by the author. )

Under such scenario, adopting the author’s proposal would harm, rather than benefit, (the author’s purpose).

Incomplete thought:

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20, False dilemma:两者选一，没考虑其他解决办法

In explaining ... the author is presenting a false dilemma. The author simply assumes that (the situation would be either A or B), while the two...are not necessarily mutually exclusive. (many other solutions/explanations could be more justifiable.) Before ruling out all the possibilities above, the author could not convince us that there are only those two possible explanations for us to accept.

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因果关系

21, Non-causal relationship:没有因果关系，其他因素的影响

The author unfairly assumes that it is ...that resulted in ...: But we can find no concrete evidence to substantiate the inevitable relationship between ...and ... (many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship ) In short, the author could not hastily conclude that ...is the only possible reason for ...before taking above factors into account.

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22, Confusing the cause and the effect:不是A导致B，而是B导致A(少见)

In the process of reasoning the author assumes that A is the reason for B.However, the author may confuse the cause and the effect. (there is possibility that it is B that actually causes A )The author fails to rule out the possibility that (B results in A). Since the author has not adequately take this possibility into account, the assumption that ...is untenable.

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23, Confusing concurrence with causality:同时发生不为因果

The most important problem is the underlying assumption that it is ...that resulted in ... The author only points out that the two events occurred during the same period, however, we all know that merely a coincidence of two events could not sufficiently demonstrate a causal relationship between them. (many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to demonstrate the causal relationship )Many other factors could also lead to ... which might include ... Without ruling out such factors, we could not be convinced that ...is the actual cause of ...

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24, Post hoc, ergo propter hoc:前后发生不为因果

The author concludes that ...is responsible for ... the assumption is based on the mere fact that ...occurred after ...

however, the sequence of the two events, in itself, does not sufficiently prove that the former caused the later one.

(many other factors could also lead to the result/the author should conduct controlled study to

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demonstrate the causal relationship )...might has resulted from other factors, such as ...Without ruling out these possible scenarios, the author could not establish a causal relationship between ...and ...

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证据

25, Insufficient evidence:证据不足

The author claims that...by showing that....however, but this piece of information in itself is far from sufficient to demonstrate the assumption that...Although (the information provided by the author) may has some relation with ... (we need more critical important information about the case studied. ) More solid evidence are needed before we could be convinced that ...

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26, Unwarranted assumption/credibility of the evidence:无证据假设，攻击背景

The assumption that ...is open to doubt, since the author does not provide any single evidence to substantiate the assumption. (many other possibilities might render the assumption suspect. )Given other possibilities about... the author could not hastily assumes that...

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