.
A. get facts and moral values mixed up mechanisms
C. follow the logic of their own
B. misunderstand social
D. consider it correct and reasonable
64. It can be concluded that the participants in the experiments are punished if ______. A. they can’t play“public goods game” B. invest the money to benefit group members C. they behave differently from the majority D. they keep the money for themselves
65. According to the passage, what is morally right or wrong is shaped by the following Except ___.
A. the way people around us behave environment
C. personal standards of values and attitudes behavior is
66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The psychological mechanisms behind attitude change B. Behavior is considered more moral the more common it is C. Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors D. Moral standards of selfish and unselfish behaviors
Section C
D. how widespread a particular
B.
changes
in
our
social
. .
.
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. They thus focused on two elements that are typical for contemporary work environments. B. The researchers used online questionnaires to obtain data. C. The notion that obtaining external feedback about one’s idea is essential for increasing creativity is deeply rooted in society. D. The most important in that: when an organization stimulates feedback seeking, it needs to ensure that this work environment is excellent enough to use the benefits of feedback. E. The question, however, is whether these beneficial effects always occur. F. The creative achievements were assessed by their direct managers.
Seeking feedback not always sufficient for stimulating creativity
It is widely believed that seeking feedback from colleagues, managers, friends and family enhances employees’ creativity. But is this always the case? No, a positive effect depends on the work, environment. This is the conclusion of new joint research study led by UvA work and organizational psychologist Roy Sijbom.
___67___ For example, managers are encouraged to engage customers in order to confirm whether their business model is workable and scholars attend conferences to obtain feedback on their research results. A definite assumption is that individuals who
. .
.
have obtained feedback will also actually（be able to）use it.
“The idea is simple: seeking feedback from different sources – also known as feedback source variety – benefits one’s creativity since it leads to a greater diversity of viewpoints”，says Sijbom.“And the more diverse the viewpoints, the more it benefits one’s creativity because by combing all the different viewpoints new perspectives will emerge that in turn will result in more creativity. ___68___”
The researchers examined how specific characteristics of the immediate work environment influence the relationship between feedback source variety and creative performance. ___69___ One is the recognized rate of change of performance standards. The other is the extent to which employees feel they have sufficient time to develop creative ideas at work（experienced creative time pressure）.“We discovered a growing relationship between the search for input from a variety of feedback sources and creativity, but only when performance standards within an organization are changing and when a relatively low creative time pressure is experienced”，says Sijbom. Sijbom offers several recommendations.“___70___ In a more concrete sense, organizations can, for example, consider using feedback workshops in which employees are encouraged to reflect on diverse feedback and equipped with techniques and strategies on how to absorb feedback in their daily work. In addition, managers should not only stimulate their employees to actively cultivate relationships with potential feedback sources within and outside the organization, but also provide sufficient time to process the feedback obtained from these relationships.”
. .
.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Screen-addicted teens are unhappy
A new study explored the link between adolescent life satisfaction and screen time. Researchers found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices – playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting –were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interaction.
Total screen avoidance doesn’t lead to happiness either. The greater unhappiness among those with no screen exposure could be due to several factors, Twenge, the leading researcher said.“It could be that they are left out of the social scene of high school, that it’s very difficult to carry on friendships in high school these days without texting at all or being on social media.”It is also possible that those kids are outliers, Twenge said –teens with special needs or in special education, or those whose screens have been taken away from them by parents.
The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use. The happiest teens used digital media a little less than an hour per day. But after a daily hour of screen time, unhappiness rises steadily along with increasing screen time, the researchers report in the journal Emotion.
“Make effort to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to
. .
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