解析：选A 由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。truth“事实，真理”。上文中的“many important truths”也是提示。
11．A.slowly C．lightly
B．rapidly D．heavily
解析：选B 结合空前的“Before Galileo，learned men believed that large bodies fell more”和后面的“towards the earth than small ones”可知，在伽利略之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体落地快，因此选rapidly “迅速地”。
12．A.although C．when
B．because D．if
解析：选B 根据“Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。
13．A.place C．top
B．foot D．ceiling
解析：选C 结合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa，let fall two __14__ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。
14．A.big C．similar
B．small D．unequal
解析：选D 根据前文和后面的“stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal “不相等的”。
15．A.spirit C．theory
B．skill D．wish
解析：选A 由后面的“of going direct to nature”可知，此处表示科学精神(spirit)。
16．A.plans
B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：选B 与后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。
17．A.led to C．set up
B．turned to D．put forward
解析：选A 这里是说正是伽利略的精神使得现代科学能有发现。结合语境，应选A项。
18．A.makes C．considers
B．prevents D．promises
解析：选A 结合下文中的“successful scientists are those...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。
19．A.likely C．naturally
B．clearly D．unwillingly
解析：选B 结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地(clearly)知道，成功的科学家是他们的观察可以创造(produce)更好的结果的人。
20．A.foreseen C．produced
解析：选C 参见上题解析。 Ⅴ.短文改错
One day I was on my way to home. When I was around the corner of street, I came across one of my friend, Mary. We hadn't seen each other for three years. I was so exciting that I invited her to have lunch with me and she agreed. She went into a small restaurant happy and had a meal. However, I found I have left my wallet at home. In the end, I couldn't pay the bill and she had to do so after we left. I felt sorry, and said to my friend, “Coming home with me in a taxi, but I will give you a present in return.”
答案：
B．rejected D．challenged
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， Mary. We hadn't seen each other for three years. I
went left my we left. I will
that I invited her to have lunch with me and she agreed.
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into a small restaurant
wallet at home. In the end, I couldn't pay the bill and she had to do so I felt sorry, and said to my friend, “give you a present in return.”
home with me in a taxi,
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