in/with reference to 关于
She always refers to Ben as that nice man. 她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
(2015·天津高考阅读A)If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
如果收到书面通知后一个星期，宠物还没有弄走，这个学生将被提交给学生法庭。
(2012·江西高考单选)You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.
你最好记下那家餐馆的电话号码，以备日后作参考。 [个性比较] refer to look up 作“查阅”讲，后接词典或参考书等词 作“查阅”讲，后接被查找的东西 When I meet new words I don't know, I often refer to the dictionary. If you don't know a word, you can look it up in a dictionary, too. 多维训练
Ⅰ.写出下列句中refer to的含义
①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查阅
②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.参考
③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及
Ⅱ.完成句子
④The case was referred_to the court of Appeal. 这个案子被送交到上诉法院。
⑤I have nothing to say with/in_reference_to that incident. 关于那次事件，我无可奉告。 [常考·保分型词汇——自主练会]
1．condemn vt.责备，谴责；定(某人)罪，判(某人)罪 [练习]完成句子
①He was condemned for_abandoning his wife. 他因为遗弃妻子而遭到谴责。
②He was_condemned_to_death for theft. 他因盗窃被判处死刑。
[归纳领悟]condemn sb. for ... “因……谴责某人”。condemn sb. to death“判处某人死刑”，相当于sentence sb. to death。
2．sum up 总结；归纳；概括 [练习]用sum的相关短语完成句子
①Now sum_up (总结，概括) your views in a few words. ②They presented a_large_sum_of_money (大量的钱) to the college. ③In_sum/In_summary (简而言之), things are going well for China.
[归纳领悟]sum up “总结，概括”；a large sum of“大量的”；in sum＝in summary“简而言之，总的来说”。
3．claim n．&v.要求；主张；声称 [练习]完成句子
①Two young girls claim_to_have_seen (声称见过) the fairies. ②He can give you some directions on how to make_a_claim_for (要求) travel insurance.
[归纳领悟]claim to do ...“声称做……”，claim为动词；make a claim for ...“要求……”，claim为名词。
4．relevant adj.有关的，切题的 [练习]介词填空
(2016·湖北孝感高中质检)—At the end of the day we can gather our guests to enjoy fine wine.
—You seem to be getting off the point. How is that relevant to the discussion?
[归纳领悟]be relevant to ...“与……相关”，relevant要与介词to搭配。
5．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺 [练习]完成句子
①Before he could run away, she seized_him_by_the_collar． 在他逃跑之前，她抓住了他的衣领。
②We should seize_the_opportunity_to_work_hard to achieve our goal.
现在，我们应抓住机会努力实现我们的目标。
[归纳领悟]seize sb. by the ... “抓住某人的……”。 6．on behalf of 代表…… [练习]完成句子
The president can't be here today, so I'm going to speak_on_behalf_of_him (代表他发言)．
[归纳领悟]on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf“代表某人”。
1．Given_this_data,_it_seems_that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.
考虑到这一数据，看来人类活动与全球温度升高之间的联系不仅仅是巧合。 (1)本句中的given this data不是过去分词，而是介词短语作状语，given意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若；假定”。
Given the present conditions, I think she has done rather well. 考虑到目前的条件，我认为她已做得相当出色了。 Given the chance, I'll do it again. 如果有机会，我会再做一次。
Given that he supports us, we'll win the election. 如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。
(2)“It seems that ...”是一个常用句式，其中it是形式主语， that引导主语从句，意为“好像……”，从句用陈述语气。
It seems (to me) that this is his most important novel.
我觉得这好像是他最重要的小说。 (3)seem的其他用法：
①It seems as if/though ...“看上去好像……”，从句可用虚拟语气也可用陈述语气。
It seems as if/though everybody else knew about it except me. 看上去好像除了我之外每个人都知道此事。
②“There＋seems to be＋名词”，其中to be可省略，意为“好像有……”。
There seems (to be) lots of things to learn in the work. 看起来在工作当中还有很多需要学习的东西。
③“主语＋seem＋不定式”，此时要注意不定式时态和语态的变化。seem＋to do/to have done/to be doing，意为“好像要做……/已经做了……/正在做……”。
He seemed to have forgotten my name. 他似乎已经忘了我的名字。
④“主语＋seem＋(to be＋)表语”，表语多为名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等，用来说明主语的特征或状态，意为“好像……”。
Susan seems (to be) a very sensible person. 苏珊看上去像是个非常明智的人。 多维训练 Ⅰ.单句改错
①Giving his age, he has done very well.Giving→Given
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