the Greek by Rome in 146BC.
2. Culture of Ancient Greece 2.1 Epic Poetry
Homer’s Iliad （《伊利亚特》）and Odyssey( 《奥德赛》).
Hesiod(郝西奥德)：Works and Days, Theogony《神谱》 2.2 Greek Mythology (1) Brief introduction
希腊神话有神的故事和英雄传说两大类。神的故事包括开天辟地、神的产生和谱系以及人类起源等。据说宇宙之初，只有混沌之神卡俄斯（Chaos），他是一个无边无际、一无所有的空间。随后诞生了地母神盖
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亚（Gaea）、地狱深渊神塔耳塔洛斯（Tartarus）、黑暗神俄瑞波斯（Erebus）、黑夜女神尼克斯（Nyx）和爱神厄洛斯（Eros）世界由此开始。大地女神盖亚(Gaea)诞生了天神乌拉诺斯（Ouranos）、海洋之神蓬托斯（Pontus）和山脉之神乌瑞亚（Ourea）等。
接着盖亚又和她两位儿子生了许多神。和乌拉诺斯生了提坦（Titans）分别代表了世界最初的事物（日、月、天、时间、正义、记忆等）和蓬托斯生了五个孩子分别代表了不同的海。她算得上是众神之母（是奥林匹斯神的始祖）。乌拉诺斯将子女囚于地下，而儿子克隆诺斯奋起反抗，夺取了父亲的权位，并娶妹妹瑞亚(Rhea)为妻。克隆诺斯听说自己将被一个儿子推翻，便吞掉所生的子女，但儿子宙斯(Zeus)被瑞亚藏了起来。宙斯成年后，果然打败克隆诺斯，成为万神之王，建立起奥林波斯神系，他的众多儿女也成为各有司职的神祗。希腊神话的特点是人神同形。英雄传说歌颂战斗中建立功勋的各氏族部落的英雄。这些英雄都是神与人之子，体魄强健，智慧超群，
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反映了古希腊人民战天斗地的乐观精神和勤劳勇敢的高尚品质。有不畏艰险，为民除害的赫拉克勒斯；历尽艰险寻找金羊毛的伊阿宋；深入迷宫击毙诺斯牛，为民造福的忒修斯等。
(2) 奥林波斯神系 ( The Olympian Gods)
Between Macedon （马其顿）and Thessaly （色萨利）of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain. Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens. On the top of the mountain, the home of the gods was bathed in brightness. At Olympus Zeus （宙斯）ruled as the father of gods and men. Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards. All the gods listened to his final words. But Zeus made them all sit on a committee of 12 members, including 6 gods and 6 goddesses. The first in the Olympian crowd sat Zeus himself. He was the overlord of gods and men and the operator of the thunderbolt. Next to him was Hera（赫拉）, his proud and green-eyed queen. Poseidon （波塞冬）
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was ruler of the sea. And Hades（哈得斯）, king of the lower world, had no seat in the committee. Apollo（阿波罗） was the god of the sun, music and poetry, while his twin sister Artemis（阿耳特弥斯） was the goddess of the moon and the chase. Athena （雅典娜）was the goddess of wisdom and patroness of household arts. Hestin（赫提斯）, the goddess of the family, represented home life and family happiness. The frightening Ares（阿瑞斯） was the god of war, and the charming Aphrodite（阿芙罗狄特） the goddess of love and beauty. The god of fire, Hephaestus（赫非斯托斯）, was the forger of the thunderbolts of Zeus. The wing-footed messenger Hermes（海尔墨斯） was the god of invention and commerce; and the goddess of grains and harvests, Demeter（得墨特尔）, looked after agriculture and stood for mother of civilization.All
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