第4讲 特殊句式
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 典题试做 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for 强调句是高考的难点，倒语 法 填 空 agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be 装句是高考的热点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的命题解读 anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports各种时态的应用也是高—but whatever it is，make(make) sure it's 考考查的重点项目。 a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
考点一 倒装句(高考不作要求，只作了解)
[题组试做] 单句语法填空
1．(2019·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill_________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
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lies [当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage________(lie) at the top of the hill.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。]
2．(2019·崇州模拟)Hardly__________she gone out when a student came to visit her.
had [此题考查hardly...when句式，该句式主句应用过去完成时。] [要点解读] 1．完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.
在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。 2．部分倒装
(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。
(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。
(3)so/neither＋ 助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语 意为“……也是如此/也不……”。
(4)在not only...but (also)...句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。
(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related
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activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。
考点二 强调句(高考不作要求，只作了解)
[题组试做] 单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago__________I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.
that [分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填that。] 2．(2019·湖北荆门调研)It wasn't until in high school__________I began to trust other people again.
that [句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，且强调时间状语，故填that。]
3．(2019·江西樟树中学等六校联考)In that way，World Read Aloud Day__________(do) help make a difference.
does [句意：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为World Read Aloud Day，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。因主语为第三人称单数，故填does。]
[要点解读]
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...? 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
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It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。 [易错提醒] 强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
考点三 其他常考特殊句式
[题组试做] 单句语法填空
1．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There________(be) several reasons.
are [句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故填are。]
2．(2019·山西重点中学协作体一模)When________(take) exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.
taking [句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好成绩来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，
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可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故填taking。]
3．(2019·河北衡水中学第三次调研)Once upon a time,_________was a boy whose parents named him Odd.
there [句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有……。]
[要点解读] 一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。
2．不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。
Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。 (2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。 3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构 if so如果这样的话 if not如果不是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有的话
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if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话 if any如果有的话 二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ 2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！ (3)How＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。 (2)祈使句表示假设的情况。 ①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句 Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the result. 明天给我打电+话，我会让你知道结果的。 Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。 四、there be句型
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(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
(2)there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 【技法点拨】 在做语法填空题时：
1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式； 2．根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。
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单句语法填空
1．_________seem to be a few trees between me and the green. There [句意：在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。考查there be句型，故填There。]
2．(2019·九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and__________was my friend Mike.
so [根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。]
3．(2019·湖北荆州中学质检)Only then__________we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.
did [句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。]
4．(2019·江苏苏锡常镇四市调研)One has reason to believe that China's anti-corruption over the past few years，tough__________it is，has achieved inspiring progress.
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as/though [句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了部分倒装。]
5．(2019·连云港灌南华侨双语学校月考)Now, just in front of the house_________(stand) a tall tree with a history of 100 years.
stands [句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为第三人称单数，故填stands。]
6．(2019·湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor_________(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
was [句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。]
7．(2019·湖南长郡中学模拟)The traditional Chinese marriage usually___________(involve) some necessary procedures，such as match making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows.
involves [考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。]
8．(2019·南昌NCS 20190607项目一模)While most water towns are in the south, Shandong's Tai'erzhuang stands out in the north. The town_________(be) on the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.
is [考查时态和主谓一致。该句主语为“The town”，为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是当前的情况，故用一般现在时。句意：这个小城位于京杭
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大运河的岸边。]
语法填空
(2019·历城二中高三三模)Generally speaking，joy 1.________(express) by laughter.But as it turns out，it reveals a lot more than the fact 2._________you are happy.It enables listeners，even those who cannot observe you，3._________(realize) if you are having a good time with a close friend or laughing 4._________(polite) with a complete stranger.
At least，this is the conclusion 5.________(reach) by a team of scientists led by Greg Bryant，6._________assistant professor of Communication Studies at the University of California.The researchers began by 7.________(request) volunteers from across the world to send them audio clips(片段) of people laughing.The 48 tapes they received 8.________(range) from recent recordings of laughter between two college friends 9._________ones from conversations made ten years ago.The clips also had all possible 10._________ (combine)—communications between friends，strangers，all-male groups，all-female groups，etc.
Bryant says that the results of this cross-cultural examination show that people all over the world know laughter in similar ways.
【语篇解读】 本文主要对快乐进行了研究。
1．is expressed [考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“Generally
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speaking”可知，此处叙述一般情况，应用一般现在时；根据该句中的介词“by”可知，句子的主语joy和express构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。]
2．that [考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，对fact的内容进行解释说明。]
3．to realize [考查非谓语动词。enable sb.to do sth.意为“让某人能够做某事”，为固定用法，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to realize。]
4．politely [考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词politely修饰动词laughing。]
5．reached [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，reach和句子主语the conclusion之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且和句子谓语is之间没有连词，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。]
6．an [考查冠词。professor是可数名词，作单数名词Greg Bryant的同位语，且assistant的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。]
7．requesting [考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词。requesting作介词by的宾语。]
8．ranged [考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“they received”和“made”可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。]
9．to [考查介词。range from...to...意为“包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用介词to。]
10．combinations [考查词形转换。与该句中的形容词“possible”呼应可知，此处用名词形式，且与“all”呼应，故用名词的复数形式，即combinations。]
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