2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（三） 非谓语动词之不定式（下）（含真题练习与解析） 动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的情况： 1. \主系表+to do \结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。如： The book is interesting to read. 主 系 表 不定式 （\修饰\“the book ”与\之间为被动关系,但不定式用主动式） 2.“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补+to do ”结构中，不定式用主动表被动。如： He find the problem difficult to solve. 主 谓 宾 宾补 不定式 to solve 修饰 the problem，即问题与解决之间为被动关系，但to solve 用主动式。 3.不定式作定语，与被修饰的词之间为动宾关系，而与句中另一名词或之间有主谓关系时（即在句中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语时），用主动形式，否则，用被动形式。如： a.The mother has nothing to worry about. 逻辑主语 被修饰词 不定式 （母亲与担忧之间为主动关系） ， （nothing 与担忧之间为被动关系） b.Do you have any letters to be posted today?（信由说话人寄） 逻辑主语（非寄信人）被修饰词 不定式被动式 4.在“疑问代词+不定式” 结构中 ，不定式用主动形式。如： There were so many kinds of books,that she didn't know which one to buy. 5.to let , to blame等用主动形式表示被动。如： a.The house is to let.这所房子要出租。
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b.Who is to blame for the traffic accident?谁该为这起交通事故承担责任。
真题演练
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.［北京］ ____（make）it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
2.［北京］Volunteering gives you a chance ____(change) lives, including your own.
句意：志愿者活动给你一次改变人生的机会，包括你自己的（人生）。 3.［四川］The airport ____ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
句意：明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业。
4.［北京］Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ____ (stay) away.
句意：鸟的鸣叫有时是警告其他的鸟远离。
5.［重庆］We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
6.［北京］____ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了出租车并且起得很早。 7.［福建］____ (learn) more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，Jack已决定选修中国民间音乐。 8.［湖南］Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ____ (talk)over what is bothering them.
句意：有时，我会充当同学们的倾听者，为的是让他们能聊聊他们的烦心事。
9．［全国Ⅱ］The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ____ (watch) anything that happened to be on.
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句意：老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看(电视上）播放的任何内容都很高兴。
10.［山东］George returned after the war,only ____ (tell) that his wife had left him.
句意：George战后回来，却被告知他妻子已经离开了他。
参考答案与解析
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空.
1.［北京］To make（make）it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
句意：为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。分析句子成分可以看出，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式To make。
2.［北京］Volunteering gives you a chance to change (change) lives, including your own.
句意：志愿者活动给你一次改变人生的机会，包括你自己的（人生）。此处是不定式短语作后置定语。
3.［四川］The airport to be completed (complete) next year willhelp promote tourism in this area.
句意：明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业。空处表示将要发生的动作，且complete与The airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动式作后置定语。
4.［北京］Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay (stay) away.
句意：鸟的鸣叫有时是警告其他的鸟远离。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰warning。
5.［重庆］We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
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根据\可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，又因为make与decision之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。
6.［北京］To catch (catch) the early flight, we ordereda taxi in advance and got up very early.
句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了出租车并且起得很早。分析句子结构和题干语境可知，theearly flight在句中作目的状语，故用to do不定式。
7.［福建］To learn (learn) more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，Jack已决定选修中国民间音乐。根据句意可知，本句使用动词不定式充当目的状语。
8.［湖南］Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk(talk)over what is bothering them.
句意：有时，我会充当同学们的倾听者，为的是让他们能聊聊他们的烦心事。此处用不定式作目的状语。
9．［全国Ⅱ］The old mansat in front of the television every evening, happyto watch(watch) anything that happened to be on.
句意：老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看(电视上）播放的任何内容都很高兴。此处用不定式的一般式作原因状语。
10.［山东］George returned after the war,only to be told (tell) that his wife had left him.
句意：George战后回来，却被告知他妻子已经离开了他。\不定式\作结果状语时，表示的是出乎意料的结果，通常是一种令人失望的结果。很显然，此题应用\不定式\结构。
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