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第2讲 非谓语动词 [全国卷考情分析]
题型 分类 典题试做 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) You don't have to run fast or for long to_see(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running. 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to_improve 语法 填空 (improve) water quality. 1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表命题解读 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking 语等)，以考查my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged (challenge)． 主语、宾语、状语居多； 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, 2．考查固定搭he allowed me to_stay (stay) and watch. 配中的非谓语5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) But unlike her school friends, 动词。 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting(rest)． 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. sell→selling 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let 短文 改错 me.watching→watch 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.wait→waiting 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.eager后加to 更多资料关注公众号：王校长资源站
1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用； 2．过去分词与现在分词的错用； 3．不定式符号to的多余或缺失； 4．to是介词还是不定式符号更多资料关注公众号：王校长资源站
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) When summer comes, they will 的误判。 invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！pick前加to
考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义 [先试做题组] 单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River，known(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.
2．(2019·玉溪月考)You lose weight for a while, only to_gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.
3．(2019·湖南六校联考)Of course, enjoying(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.
[再解读要点] 非谓语动词 一般 式 不定式 进行 式 完成 式 现在分词/ 动名词 过去分词 一般 式 完成 式 一般 式 doing having done done to do to be doing to have done 主动语态 被动语态 to be done 意义 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 to have 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词been done 的动作之前 being done having 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的been done 动作发生 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成 更多资料关注公众号：王校长资源站
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Having been fired by the company，the man now has difficulties in supporting his family.
被公司解雇了，这位男士难以养活他的家庭。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。
考点二 非谓语动词作状语 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·广东七校联考)We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter to_order(order) dishes and I stood with my parents. 2．(2019·合肥检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and set regular rules, making(make) it easier for people to learn and master. 3．(2019·福州模拟)With my eyes tightly closed(close)，I dived in and made my way to the other end.
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·长沙一模)The boy brought his guitar to the stage，worn a fashionable hat，which made him seem so mysterious.worn→wearing 5．(2019·长春模拟)Thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.
Thought→Thinking [再解读要点] 1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
(2016·北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.
为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出
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租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
[易错提示] 语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
2．分词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。
Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
[名师点津] 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。
Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into consideration，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。
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Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong. 从口音判断，他是香港人。
To tell you the truth，I am a little tired. 说实话，我有点累。 4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
考点三 非谓语动词作定语 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)No one can ignore the rich culture dating(date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.
2．(2019·洛阳统考)The 15-year-old boy from Oakland has fascinated audience in the U．S. and China with his ability to_sing(sing) pitch-perfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.
3．(2019·长治五校一联)With a puzzled(puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”
4．(2019·重庆联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and I was alone without any way to_contact(contact) my family. Ⅱ.单句改错
5．(2019·重庆月考)The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides
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