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核心素养测评 九
必修2 Unit 4 Wildlife protection
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Microplastics are small plastic pieces that have accumulated in the marine(海洋的) environment following decades of pollution. These pieces can cause significant issues for marine creatures that ingest them, including inflammation(炎症), reduced feeding and weight-loss. Microplastic pollution may also spread from organism to organism when one creature is eaten by others. Since the pieces can be bound to chemical pollutants, these associated poisons could accumulate in predator species.
Mesopelagic(海洋中层的) fish serve as a food source for a large variety of marine animals including swordfish, dolphins, seals and sea birds. Typically living at depths of 200—1, 000 meters, these fish swim to the surface to feed at night and then return to deeper water during the day. Through these upright movements, mesopelagic fish play a key role
in the cycle of carbon and nutrients from the surface to the deep sea — a process known as biogeochemical cycle. This means they could spread microplastic pollution throughout the marine ecosystem, by carrying microplastics from the surface down to deeper water, affecting deep-sea organisms.
To investigate this further, researchers set out to catch fish in a remote area of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The researchers caught mesopelagic fish at varying depths, and then examined their stomachs for microplastics back in the lab. They used a particular air filter so as not to introduce plastic fibers in the air from the lab environment.
The team found a lot of microplastics in the fish’s stomachs. As the researchers were extremely careful to clear the pollution— fibers in the air, they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world.
The researchers plan further studies to learn more about how these fish ingest and spread microplastics. It will be particularly interesting to see whether the fish eat these microplastics directly as mistaken foods, or whether they eat them through eating other species, which have previously eaten the microplastics.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现, 在大西洋西北部捕捞的海洋中层鱼类的胃中含有微塑料, 受影响的鱼类可能会将微塑料扩散到整个海洋。至于这些鱼是把微塑料当食物而误食, 还是通过捕食
吃了微塑料的其他物种才导致体内含有微塑料, 还需要进一步研究。 1. What does the underlined word “ingest” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Attack. B. Swallow. C. Ignore.
D. Avoid.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。画线词后的them指的是上文中出现的 These pieces(即small plastic pieces), 再根据上下文语境并运用排除法可知B项正确。
2. What does the Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. How deep-sea fish feed themselves. B. Why mesopelagic fish are important. C. How microplastics spread to the deep sea. D. How dangerous microplastics are to the sea.
【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第二段中的第三句和第四句可知, 海洋中层鱼类在碳和营养物质从海洋表面到深海的循环过程中发挥着关键作用, 也意味着它们可能会将微塑料污染扩散到整个海洋生态系统。所以本段主要在讲微塑料是如何扩散到深海中的。故选C。 3. What conclusion did the researchers draw from the study on mesopelagic fish?
A. Fish in the remote area are safe to eat.
B. Plastic fibers in the air may enter fish’s stomachs. C. They are polluted by microplastics. D. Mesopelagic fish live at varying depths.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中“they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world”可知, 研究得出的结论:海洋中层鱼类受到了微塑料的污染。故选C。 4. What will further studies focus on?
A. In what way microplastics enter mesopelagic fish’s stomachs. B. How seriously microplastics affect sea creatures. C. Whether fish with microplastics harm humans. D. How microplastics spread in the deep ocean.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It will be particularly interesting. . . through eating other species. . . eaten the microplastics. ”可知, 将进一步研究这些微塑料是通过什么方式进入海洋中层鱼类体内的:是被误当作食物吃进去的, 还是海洋中层鱼类吃了其他吃了微塑料的物种。故选A。
B
Feeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife. But experts say it might put wild birds at risk.
Feeding birds is not necessary for their survival except in extreme weather conditions. Feeders(喂食器)can definitely help birds get through that kind of weather. But most birds eat insects and show little interest in bird feeders. For those birds, we can grow native plants in a natural environment. Birds which are fond of eating seeds will be more likely to come to feeders if there is some cover nearby. This lets them
feed and then fly to protective areas, such as in trees.
The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows.
So set up a bird feeder at least one meter away from a window. That way, if a bird gets frightened, it won’t get killed when it hits the glass. Owners of cats should keep them inside home so they can’t hurt the birds.
Some birds are more aggressive at feeder. They eat a lot and do not leave much food for other birds. A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruit. This can also increase the number and diversity of birds in your neighborhood. But don’t feed wild birds anything salty, like potato chips, or food that could choke them, like bread.
Pay attention to food quality and freshness. Unprotected food left too long in feeders will turn moldy(发霉), which can kill wildlife. Another word of advice:always provide a supply of clean water for birds, but use care when looking for the right birdbath. If the birdbaths are too deep for birds, putting a few large stones in the water can give the birds a place to sit.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 人们在喂鸟的时候无意中会给鸟儿带来危险, 文章具体解释了这些危险并提出了安全喂鸟的建议。
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