学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型 教学目标 星级 授课日期及时段 教学内容 T C阅读理解细节题 T 使学生了解阅读理解细节题的考察方式和解题技巧 ★★★ C-专题 （建议5分钟） 细 节 决 定 成 败 细节决定成败，让我们先从攻克细节题开始吧！ 批注：通过两幅小漫画向学生展示重视细节的重要性，其实这也是中考阅读中学生特别需要注意的地方，因为不细心导致的题目失分是最不该的。培养细心的第一步就从阅读理解细节题目开始吧！只要有耐心，细节题基本全部可以做对。 （建议20分钟） 让我们像杰克船长一样乘风破浪去寻宝吧！！！ 1
一、阅读理解细节题 细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。阅读最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。 二、阅读理解细节题设题方式 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是： 1. True or NOT true 是非判断类 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ……？ According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for ……？ Which of the following statements is right? 2. 特殊疑问词提问类 How many ……？ What/who/when/where/how/why ……？ 3. 表唯一细节概念题类型 ……the most / ~est ……the only …… 4. 排序题类型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage? Choose the right order of this passage. 5. 例证题类型 The author gives the example in ……paragraph in order to …… 6. From this passage we know ________. 2
三、阅读理解细节题技巧点拨 仔细阅读文章后的问题，根据问题中的关键词或词组，以此作为线索，返回文章查找相关的句子，用相关的这个句子对照选项，意思一致的就是答案。 1. 题干定位法 细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词what, when, where, who, whose, how, why等引出。做这样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，然后通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。 例题精讲 例文1： It’s 2021. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’re thinking these days. When you leave, she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practise daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness. （2011年长宁区二模第一段） 1. According to the passage, when you leave the hospital, the doctor gives you some medicine and _______ as well. A. checks your fever B. looks at your throat C. tells you the reasons of your illness D. advises you to practise thinking skills 批注：首先进行题干定位，发现出现在第一段，让后可以在文中找寻需要信息，可以确定答案是D。本题的A、 B、C是干扰性，原文都有涉及，但却和题干的“when you leave the hospital”不符合。此外，本题的as well(也) 和原文的but also(而且)属于同义替换，也是解答本题的一条线索。 例文2： When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline (肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heart beat. （2011年长宁区二模第四段） 2. A chemical called adrenaline can speed up ________. A. your breathing and heart beat B. your blood running C. your brain thinking D. your body relaxing 批注：首先定位本题主干在原文的位置，然后把选项和原文信息进行比较，答案是A。 练 习 Take Action for a Better World: Volunteers Needed Six months’ preparation in Denmark: Africa studies, team work combined with social work with risk group teenagers. Six months’ community work in Malawi in People to People Projects: Child Aid, HIV / AIDS. Fights and Teacher Training. 3
Qualifications(条件): 18 years, hard-working and social engagement. Please contact us by email: takeaction@ betterworld. Com Part-time Work with Exchange Students YOUTH International is a non-profit high school foreign exchange student organization. We welcome teenagers from over 80 countries worldwide and provide host families. The Community Representative is a part-time position designed for people with a strong desire to do something rewarding in the community and earn some extra money. Applicants(申请人) best suited for this work should enjoy teenagers, have a strong interest in cross-cultural communication, and feel comfortable networking. Full training and support will be provided through branch offices throughout the U.S. Positions available in most states. If interested, please email staff@ youth. org or call 888-123-9872. International Summer Job Hi, I am an ESL student in China. I’m 20, quiet and polite, and I speak reasonable English. I’m looking for a summer job in an English-speaking country. I can teach Chinese or do house and garden work, and cook Chinese dishes. Can anybody offer me a job? I don’t need to earn much, just enough in 2 months (July-August) to pay for my return ticket to China. My goal is to improve my English and see a bit more of the world. My email is: ram3462@ hotmail. Com Call for Native Speakers of English I am looking for native speakers of English to join in an experiment. This experiment is carried out over the Internet. You don’t need any specific knowledge other than understanding and speaking English at a native level. The first task will take you around 15 minutes. After this task, you can decide whether you want to continue the experiment. The tasks involve reading texts and designing questions and answers. If you are willing to help me, then please email me: club3864@ hotmail.com 1. Who is suitable to work as a Community Representative in YOUTH International? A. One who enjoys working with teenagers from different countries. B. One who hopes to take action in fighting against diseases. C. One who has a strong desire to improve his or her English. D. One who wants to earn some pocket money in the program. 批注：选A。根据题干中的关键题YOUTH International可知，此题答案一定在第二个表格中。再根据其中的t eenagers from over 80 countries 以及…should enjoy teenagers…可知答案选A。 2. Where will Jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work in Malawi? A. In some local offices in the US. B. In an ESL organization in China. C. In a preparation program in Demark. D. In an exchange student center in Africa. 批注：选C。根据题干中的关键题volunteer和work in Malawi可知，此题答案一定在第一个表格中。再根据其 中的Six months’ preparation in Denmark可知答案选C。 4
3. If Mrs Black in the U.S. hopes to learn some Chinese at home, she may contact _______. A. takeaction@betterworld.com B. ram3462@hotmail.com D. staff@youth.org C. club3864@hotmail.com 故答案选B。 2. 跳读捕捉信息法 针对这样的题目，同学们只要运用Skimming（略读）的方法，先整体上阅读文章，然后从原文中找到相关语句进行理解分析，就可以确定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。 例题精讲 批注：选B。根据题干中的关键题hopes to learn some Chinese at home可知，此题答案一定在第三个表格中， 例文1： Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his life. He always told me, \should have goals like climbing the mountain.\ Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn't have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience (耐力). Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers, trees, and the birds' singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that moment, but my father said to me, \beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can't see it before you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like in life.\At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence . I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal (水晶). 1. The writer ___________as he was climbing the mountain. Which answer is not right? A. was in deep thought B. enjoyed the flowers, trees and the birds' singing C. developed his patience D. made a plan for himself 批注：本题是一道典型的是非判断细节题。是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若 该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。我们只需把四个选项和原文描述进行对比，和原文信息不符的选项就是本题的答案。A.选项和原文“During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers, trees, and the birds' singing”同义，B.、C.选项和原文“It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience (耐力).”同义。因此本题答案是D.。 2. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The writer had a lot of conversations with his father as he was climbing the mountain. B. The writer had enough time to spend together with his father as he was climbing the mountain. C. It was easy for the writer to climb to the top of the mountain at the age of ten. D. The writer used to climb the mountain with his father near his house. 批注：本题也是一道是非判断题，老师需要引导学生把四个选项带到原文中进行对比，不符合原文信息的选项即 为答案。同时，老师需要提醒学生，如果发现其中一个选项特别明显地不符合原文意思，直接可以确定答5
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