摘要
醋酸，又名乙酸，作为一种应用广泛的重要化工原料，醋酸主要被用于合成乙酸乙烯醋的单体VAM、合成乙酸醉的原料及生产精制对苯二甲酸(PTA)的溶剂等。自20世纪70年代美国Monsanto(孟山都)公司首创低压拨基合成醋酸工艺后，此方法已成为世界生产醋酸的主要方法。甲醇低压碳基合成醋酸工艺确立了碳一化学含氧化合物的产业优势，从此，醋酸及其衍生物的工艺和技术创新成为研究人员研究的发展方向。
甲醇低压羰基化法合成醋酸工艺主要包括CO造气和醋酸生产两部分。造气工段主要包括造气、预硫、压缩、脱硫脱碳工序，醋酸生产又可分为反应工序和精制工序。反应工序包括：预处理、合成、转化等工段；精制工序包括：蒸发、脱轻、脱水、提馏、脱烷、成品等工段。
关键词：醋酸； 甲醇； 合成
Abstract
Acetate, also known as ethanoic acid, is widely used as a kind of important chemical raw
materials, acetic acid is mainly used for vinyl acetate synthesis VAM vinegar of monomer, synthesis of acetic acid raw materials and production of purified terephthalic acid (PTA) solvent, etc.Since the 1970 s the United States Monsanto, Monsanto company pioneering low-pressure dial base acetate synthesis process, the main method of this method has become the world's production of acetic acid.Methyl acetate synthesis low carbon technology established a carbon chemical oxygen containing compound industry advantage, since then, technology and technical innovation of acetic acid and its derivatives become the development direction of researchers. Low pressure methanol carbonylation synthesis of acetic acid process mainly includes CO gasification and acetic acid production of two parts.Gasification process of sulfur mainly includes gasification, and compressed, the decarburization desulfurization process, acetic acid can be divided into the reaction process and refining production process.Reaction process includes: pretreatment, synthesis, transformation section, etc.Refining process including: evaporation, light, dehydration, stripping section, alkanes, finished products, etc.
Key words: acetic acid; Methanol; synthetic
目录
第一章 引言 ................................................................. 1
1.1 醋酸性质和用途 ....................................................... 1
1.1.1 醋酸的物理性质 ................................................ 1 1.1.2 醋酸的化学性质 ................................................ 1 1.1.3 醋酸的用途 .................................................... 3
第二章 醋酸合成方法概述 ..................................................... 4
2.1 生产 ................................................................. 4
2.1.1 世界醋酸生产概况 .............................................. 4 2.1.2 国内生产状况 .................................................. 5 2.2 醋酸合成方法 ......................................................... 5
2.2.1 轻烃液相氧化法 ................................................. 5 2.2.2 乙醛氧化法 ..................................................... 6 2.2.3 乙烯直接氧化法 ................................................. 6 2.2.4 甲醇羰基合成法(MC) ............................................ 6 2.2.5 乙烷选择性催化氧化 ............................................. 7 2.2.6 醋酸一醋酐一醋酸甲醋联产工艺 .................................. 7 2.2.7 SABIC乙烷直接氧化制醋酸工艺 ................................... 7 2.2.8 天然气经非合成气制醋酸工艺 .................................... 8
第三章 甲醇羰基化制备醋酸 ................................................... 9
3.1 甲醇羰基化制备醋酸 ................................................... 9
3.1.1 甲醇羰基化法 .................................................. 9 3.1.2 甲醇羰基化法分类 .............................................. 9 3.2甲醇羰基化法的改进 ................................................... 9
3.2.1甲醇低压羰基化法的改进 .......................................... 9 3.3用于低压甲醇碳基化法制醋酸的催化剂 .................................. 10 3.4甲醇低压羰基化制醋酸工艺流程 ........................................ 10
3.4.1流程说明 ....................................................... 11
第四章 Aspen模拟软件简介 ................................................... 12
第五章 甲醇低压羰基化制醋酸合成计算 ........................................ 13
5.1合成塔计算 .......................................................... 13
5.1.1 合成塔物料衡算 ............................................... 13 5.2.1物料衡算 ....................................................... 16 5.2.2 塔板数的确定 ................................................. 17 5.2.3 精馏塔物性参数计算 ........................................... 20 5.2.4 精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算 ..................................... 23 5.2.5 塔板主要工艺尺寸计算 ......................................... 25 5.2.6 塔板流体力学演算 ............................................. 28 5.2.7 塔板负荷性能图 ................................................ 31
第六章 aspen软件模拟 ...................................... 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ................................................................... 38 致谢 ....................................................................... 39 附件6： .................................................................... 40
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