2019年高二下学期英语期末模拟试卷（无听力）
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。 2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 满分29分）
第一节 （共 12 小题；每小题 2 分, 满分 24 分）
A
Thrift stores are a refuge (避难所) for countless items from landing in garbage piles. Value Village, for example, saves more than 650 million pounds of clothing from landfills (垃圾填埋场) each year, making it one of the largest recyclers of used garments in the world. Their stores give a second life to 1.8 million pounds of clothes every day, which is equal to 600 mid-sized cars. Almost 100 percent of clothing and textiles(纺织品) are recyclable，yet 85 percent of them end up in landfills. It's estimated that the average person throws away 70 pounds of clothing a year.
Lindsay Coulter is the so-called “Queen of Green” with the David Suzuki Foundation, educating people on how to live a greener life by making changes around the house. She says that donating or shopping at thrift stores is an excellent way to exercise all three of the three Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. She says, “Whether it's a purse or a pair of shoes，it’s really worth considering going to thrift stores as another point of contact to help reduce your consumption.” Coulter points out that since landfills are airtight, textiles take longer to break down. “I’d imagine things like an old towel, a rag or an old T-shirt will last a really long time,” she says. The beauty of thrift shopping is that the supply is never-ending, so if you don't find what you're looking for one day, it's likely to show up in no time.
One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk, costume specialist in the Department of Theatre and Film at the University of British Columbia. She says the majority of items for the university’s productions are purchased second-hand. Because of her shrinking budget, items like clothing and shoes are thrifted from Value Village. “We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years. Thrift shopping is a much easier, cheaper way to do things,” she says.
The next time you need to lighten your closet, take the opportunity to go thrift shopping to lighten both your carbon footprint and your financial burden at the same time. 1. What is a “thrift store” according to the text? A. It deals with daily garbage. C. It exchanges new clothes.
B. It sells second-hand items.
D. It donates used items.
2. Why did Lindsay Coulter advise shopping at thrift stores? A. To be friendly to the environment. C. To reduce the cost of the family. 3. What do we know about Jodi Jacyk? A. She doesn't budget carefully.
B. She plains a lot about her job. D. She is known as “Queen of Green”.
B. To make a change of lifestyle. D. To collect money for the Foundation.
C. She is a fan of thrift shopping.
4. What is the author's attitude toward thrift shopping? A. Conservative.
B. Cautious.
C. Doubtful.
D. Supportive.
B
Science is finally beginning to hug animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningfully to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O's. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable skill of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced opinions, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They're other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammal class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social panions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint change in our society: the public
no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to go through painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of \animals\bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, mitted to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
5. According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________.
A. interaction B. analysis C. creation D. abstraction 6. The research into pigs shows that pigs___________.
A. learn letters quickly B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship D. can apply knowledge to new situations 7. Paragraph 4 is mainly about________.
A. the similarities between mammals and humans B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals C. a change in people's attitudes towards animals D. a discovery of how animals express themselves 8. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals C. Science Reports on Food Animals
C
Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or even to tune out.
Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.
More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body
D. A Revolution in Food Animals
produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms (机制). You assume that situations are worse than they actually are.
When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body’s production of oxytocin(后叶催产素), a feel-good that increases your ability to municate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.
We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you’re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what’s going right.
Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.
9. The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means . A. stop listening B. gain courage
C. sing aloud D. feel stressed
10. What will happen if you experience negative emotions? A. The situations are sure to bee worse. B. Much of your thinking will be prevented.
C. You will feel an urge to improve and bee better. D. You’ll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people. 11. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that .
A. we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling B. positive interactions have greater effects than negative ones C. our conversation should center on what needs improvement
D. the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones 12. What is the best title for the passage? A. Harmful Negatives
B. More Positive Interactions
D. Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects
C. How to Be a Productive Manager
第二节 （共 5 小题, 每小题 1 分, 满分 5 分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
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