气相甲醇脱水法年产20万吨二甲醚设计

摘 要

目前生产二甲醚的方法不同，甲醇液相脱水法 ，合成气一步法，一氧化碳直接合成法，甲醇气相脱水法等。不过，最主要的方法，气相甲醇脱水法制备二甲醚。该工艺中，气相先将工业加热的甲醇脱水，二甲醚，冷凝和蒸发，蒸馏和类似的制造方法。使用甲醇气相脱水法制备DME，主要做到以下几点：比较不同类型板的优点和缺点，选择了气液传质筛板塔;完成二甲醚和甲醇回收塔的分离和塔高径，板布局设计;换热器的计算，你需要选择水泵选型的类型和塔及辅助设备。

该设计包括设计说明书和图纸两部分。说明书包括确定过程，物料平衡，热平衡，工艺设备的设计和选择，并进行初步的经济分析，如图纸，包括工艺流程图，蒸馏设备和工厂布局等图。

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The process design on dimethyl ether of annual

output 200,000 tons

Abstract

There are various methods of producing dimethyl ether, such as liquid methanol

dehydration, CO2 direct synthesis, synthesis from syngas, vapor methanol dehydration and so on. At present, however, vapor methanol dehydration is the main way. In the process of vapor phase method, methanol was heated and evaporated firstly ; and then ,was dehydrated; finally, dimethyl ether was condensated and rectified.DME was produced with the method of vapor methanol dehydration in this design. The tasks finished are as follow.

Including the following tasks: he advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of tower plates were compared. At last the perforated plate tower was chosen to finish the mass transfer between the vapor and the liquid; The height, diameter and arrangement of column plate of dimethyl ether separation tower and methanol recovery tower were designed; The equipment selection including the heat exchangers, pumps and affiliated facilities has also been done.The design consists of two parts, the specifications and the drawings. Determination of technological process, material balance, heat balance, process equipments design and selection, as well as a preliminary economic analysis were all included in the specifications. And the drawings were made of flow chart of the whole process, equipment drawing of rectification tower as well as the layout chart of factory.

Key Words：dimethyl ether；The vapor phase methanol dehydration；process design；perforated plate tower；

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目 录

摘 要 ................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... II 引 言 ................................................................................................................................... 1 1 文献综述 ............................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 研究现状及其意义 .................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1 二甲醚的物理性质 ......................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 二甲醚的用途及其前景 ................................................................................. 2 1.1.3 课题研究的工艺比较 ..................................................................................... 2

2 合成塔的计算 ....................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 衡算物料 ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 计算催化剂床层体积 ................................................................................................ 7 2.3 反应器管数 ................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 热量衡算 ..................................................................................................................... 8 3 DME精馏塔设计计算 ....................................................................................................... 10

3.1 DME料衡算及的物精理论板数馏塔 .................................................................... 10 3.2 实际板层数的求取 .................................................................................................. 11 3.3 精有关物性塔的工数据的计算馏艺条件及 ......................................................... 12

3.3.1 操作压力的计算 ........................................................................................... 12 3.3.2 操作温度计算................................................................................................ 12 3.3.3 平质量均计算摩尔 ....................................................................................... 12 3.3.4 平度计算均密................................................................................................ 13 3.3.5 液体平面张力的计算均表 ........................................................................... 14 3.3.6 液体平均粘度................................................................................................ 15 3.3.7 精馏尺寸工艺计算塔的塔体....................................................................... 15 3.3.8 精的计径算馏段塔 ....................................................................................... 15

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3.3.9 提馏径的计算段塔 ....................................................................................... 16 3.3.10 精高度的计馏塔有效 ................................................................................. 17 3.4 塔板工艺尺寸的计算主要 ...................................................................................... 17

3.4.1 溢置计算流装................................................................................................ 17 3.4.2 塔板布置 ........................................................................................................ 19 3.5 塔学验算板体力的流 .............................................................................................. 20

3.5.1 压降塔板 ........................................................................................................ 20 3.5.2 液夹带沫 ........................................................................................................ 21 3.5.3 漏液 ................................................................................................................ 21 3.5.4 泛液 ................................................................................................................ 22 3.6 精馏负荷塔板性能图段 .......................................................................................... 22

3.6.1 漏线液 ............................................................................................................ 22 3.6.2 液沫带线夹 .................................................................................................... 23 3.6.3 液相负荷下限线 ........................................................................................... 23 3.6.4 液相负荷上限线 ........................................................................................... 23 3.6.5 液泛线 ............................................................................................................ 24 3.7 提负荷性塔板能图馏段 .......................................................................................... 25

3.7.1 漏线液 ............................................................................................................ 25 3.7.2 液带线沫夹 .................................................................................................... 26 3.7.3 液相负荷下限线 ........................................................................................... 26 3.7.4 液上相荷限线负 ........................................................................................... 26 3.7.5 液线泛 ............................................................................................................ 27 3.8 精馏尺管寸计算塔接 .............................................................................................. 28

3.8.1 塔口管的气出直径顶蒸 ............................................................................... 28 3.8.2 回的直流径管................................................................................................ 28 3.8.3 进料直径管的................................................................................................ 28 3.8.4 塔底直的径出料管 ....................................................................................... 29

4 甲醇计算精馏塔结构 ........................................................................................................ 30

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