电影《水形物语》的多模态话语分析

The Multimodal Discourse Analysis of the Film The Shape Of Water 目录

Abstract 摘要

Abbreviation 1.Introduction

1.1.Background of the study 1.2.Objective of the study 1.3.Outline of the paper 2.Literature Review

2.1 Studies on the Multimodal Discourse Analysis aboard 2.2Studies on the Multimodal Discourse Analysis at home 3.Research Questions and Methods 3.1 Research Questions 3.2 Research Methods

3.3 Data collection and Analysis 4.Proposed Results and Discussion

4.1 Analysis of the Reprentational Meaning 4.1.1 Analysis of the Narrative Process 4.1.1.1 Action Process

4.1.1.2 Reactional process

4.1.2 The Analysis of the Conceptual Process 4.2 The Analysis of the Interactive Meaning 4.2.1 Contact 4.2.1.1 Demand 4.2.1.2 Offer

4.2.2 Social Distance

4.2.2.1 Social Distance between the Represented Participants and the Viewers

4.2.2.2 Social Distance between the Represented Participants 4.2.3 Perspective

5.2.3.1 Horizontal Perspective 5.2.3.2 Vertical Perspective 4.2.4 Modality 4.2.4.1 Color

4.2.4.2 Contextualization 4.2.4.3 Illumination

4.3 Analysis of the Compositional Meaning

4.3.1 Information Value

4.3.2 Salience

4.4 Synthetic Analysis of Sounds and Images

4.4.1 The Analysis of Voiceover, Natural Sounds and Images 4.4.2 The Analysis of Music and Images 5.Conclusion

5.1 Research Findings

5.2 Implications of the study 5.3 Limitations of the paper

5.4 Suggestions for Further Research Reference

摘要

随着科学技术的迅速发展，多媒体互联网的应用越来越普及。人们进行信息交流的方式趋向简单快捷，而视频的流通满足了这一点要求。视觉媒体作为一种信息构建交流的工具发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此，传统的以文本和语言为研究对象的语篇分析己经不能满足对如今多模态的语篇意义构建的分析。为了解决这个问题，语言学家开始尝试对不同模态下的语篇进行分析，多模态话语分析开始出现。

多模态话语是指运用听觉、视觉、触觉等多种感觉，通过语言、声音、图像、动作等多种手段和符号资源进行交际的现象。多模态话语的研究意义在于，它能将语言与其他符号系统在社会交流实践中整合起来。随着语篇变得越来越多模态化，我们在对其分析时就需要将各种符号模态考虑进来，这样才能在这个多模态的时代，得到一个对语篇更加准确和深刻的理解。

本文主要采用案例分析的研究方法。本文基于Kress和Leeuwen提出的图像具有三种意义表达方式:表征意义、互动意义和构图意义，对电影《水形物语》进行了研究。该多模态话语分析方法可以全面分析图像所要表达的信息，帮助人们更好地理解及接收信息。本文从这个角度出发，引用视觉语法为主要理论依据。本文从网上获取视频资源，运用爱奇艺软件截图，从电影《水形物语》中截取了大量图像，分别对其表征意义、互动意义和构图意义进行了详细的分析，有助于观影者更深入地理解该电影。

此研究在理论层面不仅拓宽了多模态话语分析的领域，验证了系统功能语言学理论对分析带有图像的多模态电影语篇的可行性和可操作性，也对提高人们多模态话语识读能力及为观众赏析此电影提供一个新的视角。 关键词: 多模态话语分析；视觉语法；水形物语 Abstract

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of multimedia Internet is becoming more and more popular. The way people exchange information tends to be simple and quick, and the

circulation of video meets this requirement. The visual media is playing an increasingly important role as a tool for information communication. Therefore, the traditional discourse analysis using text and language as the research object has not been able to satisfy the analysis of the multimodal discourse construction. In order to solve this problem, linguists began to try to analyze discourses in different modalities, and Multimodal Discourse Analysis appears in time,

Multimodal Discourse refers to the use of auditory, visual, and tactile sensations to communicate through various means such as language, sound, image, and movement, and symbol resources. The research significance of Multimodal Discourse is that it can

integrate language with other symbol systems in social communication practice. As discourse becomes more and more modal, we need to take into account various symbolic modalities when we analyze it, so that we can get a more accurate and deeper discourse understanding.

This study will adopt the method of case study. This paper based on the theory three kinds of meanings in visual grammar proposed by

Kress and Leeuwen: representational meaning, interactive meaning and compositional meaning. The film The Shape of Water is the research material. The multimodal discourse analysis method can

comprehensively analyze the information to be expressed in the image and help people to better understand and receive information. From this point of view, this paper cites visual grammar as the main

theoretical basis. This video resources is download from the Internet, and shot the images by iqiyi software, intercepts a large number of images from the film The Shape of Water. After data collection, there are nearly 82 images selected and then 29 of them are put into use. Basically, each theory has its own example cited and analyzed. A

detailed analysis of the meaning of theinteraction and the meaning of the composition helps the viewer to understand the movie more deeply.

This research not only broadens the field of Multimodal Discourse Analysis at the theoretical level, but also validates the feasibility and operability of systemic functional linguistic theories for

analyzing multimodal film discourses with images. This research also improves people's multimodal discourse reading ability and provides a new perspective on appreciating the movie.

Keywords: Multimodal discourse analysis; Visual grammar; The Shape of Water

1.Introduction

In this chapter, background, objective and outline of the study will be introduced and hopefully this part will provide readers with a basic understanding of this study. 1.1.Background of the study

In this research, the film The Shape Of Water is chosen as the study object.

The story took place in 1963. During the Cold War, dumb woman Eliza worked in a government lab and was a cleaning lady there. When he was young, a major illness took Eliza's voice, and since then she has lived her life in silence. All her friends are old painter and colleague Zelda. One day, a highly alert alert was raised in the laboratory. A mysterious tank filled with water was sent in. Alisha was shocked to find that the tank had a weird half-human and half-life creature. Under Richard's leadership, the team of scientists wanted to extract substances that could make biological weapons from this monster, but in the eyes of Elisa it was nothing more than a lonely life like himself. Over time, Elisa and the monster actually had feelings.

Here are why the thesis takes this object: The modern society is infused

with information. With the development of science and technology,Internet and medium has become an indispensable part of people's life as well as their communication. Information is

delivered now, instead of by the single text before, comprehensively by image, video and so on. Therefore, the traditional text analysis can not help the reader fully understand the information.There is a must to build a systemic theoretical principle of Multimodal

Discourse Analysis. To meet this demand, Multimodal Discourse Analysis thrived in the west in 1990s.

Multimodal discourse refers to those discourses that generate the integrative meaning through the interaction of two or more modes of communication, for example, image, language and sound. After the occurrence of Multimodal Discourse Analysis, many scholars have

conducted researches on it. So far, it is still in its initial stage at home and abroad, and most of the researches focus on static images.

The most famous scholars who have achieved great reward are Kress and Leeuwen. The book Reading Images written by them proposes the visual grammar which functions as the theoretical framework of image analysis.

Based on the three meta-functions of language of Halliday's

functional grammar, Kress and Leeuwen suggest that image also has three meanings: representational meaning, interactive meaning and compositional meaning. The visual grammar offers a systemic framework to analyze images and help readers to understand the information better. This thesis conducts a detailed analysis of the three

meanings of a number of pictures from the movie The Shape Of Water, from which the viewers of this movie will benefit in terms of their comprehension.

1.2.Objective of the study

This paper attempts to propose a framework to analyze the film The Shape Of Water from the multirnodal perspective, based on the

theoretical framework of functional grammar and visual grammar. That is to say, the Multimodal Discourse Analysis of the film is done from the three meanings in visual grammar, namely the representational meaning, the interactive meaning and the compositional meaning. In addition, visual modalities and auditive modalities are analyzed synthetically with the aim to explore how these various modalities contributes to the overall meaning conveyed by the film.

As analysis on the single textual discourse played the dominant role in the history of discourse analysis, no attention had been paid to the Multimodal Discourse Analysis until the 1990s. However, with the development of the technology, people represent their meaning with more and more modalities involved in communication, and Multimodal Discourse Analysis is increasingly important in modern society. Since this paper aims to analyze a film as a multimodal discourse, it hopes to shed further light in this field. As the film involves various modalities such as auditory and visual modality, the analysis of the filmic discourse expands the application area of Multimodal Discourse Analysis, which proves that the theory of systemic functional linguistics can be applied to the multimodal filmic discourse. In addition, the analysis of the film from the multimodal perspective exerts a positive influence on the viewers' comprehension of the meaning of the film.