高考英语 专题总复习语法精粹It 考点归纳

2012届高考英语专题总复习语法精粹It 考点归纳

指示代词

1.指代上文提到的事物。

注意：one, ones, it , that, those的区别： （1）it指的是同名同物，相当于“the+名词”； （2）one 指的是同名异物：表示单数可数名词，相当于“a+名词”；表示作“a/an+形容词+one”, 相当于 “a/an+形容词+名词”；复数形式用ones;

(3)that后面常有后置定语，有特指意义，代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于“the+名词”；

（4）those后面常有后置定语，是that的复数形式，相当于the ones, 等于“the+名词复数”。

例：[1] ----I’ve lost my dictionary.

----You haven’t found ______? If you want to buy _____, I suggest you buy an English-Chinese_____.

[2]We’ve got a big room and two small ______.

[3]The weight of an elephant is much greater than _____ of a horse.

[4]The words in Unit Six are more difficult to memorize than _____ in Unit Five. [5]The boy told his story and ______ of the girl upstairs.

Key [1] it; one; one [2]ones [3]that [4]those/the ones [5]that/ the one 2.指代人时，常指小孩或身份不明的人。 例：-----Who is it?

-----It can’t be Lee. Lee has gone to New York on business. 3.指代环境或情况。

例：It’s too noisy in the hall, so I really can’t catch what the speaker is saying. 4.指代时间、季节、天气或距离。 例：[1]----What time is it now? ----It’s half past seven.

[2] It is spring now and it’s warm these days. [3] It’s a long way from Guangzhou to Beijing.

注意：it指代时间时，有如下七个句型，这些句型中it实际上指的就是时间。 【1】It is time for sth. 例：It’s time for class.

【2】It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 例：It’s time for us to go to school.

【3】It is time that +主语+did …或It is time that +主语+should +do…(should不可省略)

例：It’s time that we should go to school.= It’s time that we went school. 【4】 It is/has been+some time+since-从句（从句用一般过去时）。（注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定。） 例：[1] It is three years since I became a teacher.=Three years ago, I became a teacher.（我当老师已经三年了。）

[2]It is three years since he was a teacher.= Three years ago, he was a teacher. (他不当老师三年了。)（三年前他还是老师，现在不是了。）

[3]It is two years since my father smoked.=Two years ago, my father to smoke. (我父亲不吸烟已有两年了。)

[4]It is two years since my father began to smoke.= Two years ago, my father began to smoke.(我父亲吸烟已有两年了。)

【5】 It/This is the first/second …time that+主语+have/has done…(从句一定用完成时。) 这是某人第。。。次做了某事。

例：[1] It is the second time that she has written to her mother. [2]This was the first time that I had come late to school. 【6】It was+时间点+when-从句

例：It was 10 o’clock when my father got home last night.

【7】 It was/will be+some time+before-从句（注意主从句的时态应前后对应）。此句型表示：过了/还有多少时间才/就。。。。。。

例：[1] It was seven years before they finally got married.（主句用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。）过了七年他俩才结婚。 [2] It won’t be long before we graduate from No.1 Middle School. （主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。）不久，我们就要从一中毕业了。

二、it作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语。

1.为平衡句子，通常把不定式作主语改为it作形式主语，即（1）It’s+adj./n.for sb. to do sth.常见形容词有：easy, difficult, convenient, possible, necessary等。 例：It is possible for me to make a tour around the world. (2)It’s+adj.+of sb. to do sth.

常见的形容词有：kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, honest, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等。表示某人的品行。

例：It is honest of the boy to tell the truth.

2.It is+no use/no good/useless/senseless+doing sth.

例：It is no use debating with him about the problem.（跟他争辩这个问题没用。） 3.It is + adj./n. +that-从句。 例：（1）It is certain that Yao Ming plays a very important role in his team.

(2)It is no wonder that he was late for the meeting again.（难怪，他开会又迟到了。） 注意：【1】当形容词或名词表示说话人的态度、语气时，从句要用虚拟语气（should）+ do…意为“居然、竟然、应该、应当”。常见形容词或名词有strange, surprising, funny, important, necessary, a pity, a shame 等。例：It is strange that he (should) go by himself.(真奇怪，他居然一人去了。)

【2】名词表示命令、建议、忠告等，从句要用虚拟语气（should）+do,意为“应该，应当”。常见名词有：suggestion, advice, order, request等。例：It is his suggestion that his son (should) stay at home at weekends. 4.It is done + that-从句。

常见done: said, reported, known, expected, thought, believed, considered, suggested等。当done表示命令、建议、坚持、忠告等意义时，从句要用虚拟语气（should）+do… 例：(1) It was said that many people died in the tsunami last year. (2) It is suggested that we (should) make good use of time.

5.It doesn’t matter/makes no difference + 特殊疑问词/whether引导的从句。

例：(1) It doesn’t matter whether it rains or not tomorrow. (2) It makes no difference where you come from.

6.It looks as if + -从句。该句型常译为“看起来好像。。。。。。”如果与事实不相符合，则

用虚拟语气。例：（1）It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）(2) It looks as if he were ill. (没有生病)

7.(1) It seems/appears + -从句。似乎，好像…… (2) It happens +that-从句。碰巧，恰巧…… 例：[1] It seems/happens that he has visited Beijing for three times.= He seems/happens to have visited Beijing for three times.

[2] It seems that he will go abroad next week.= He seems to go abroad next week. [3] It seems that he is reading a novel. = He seems to be reading a novel.

[4] It seems that he has been learning English for three years. = He seems to have been learning English for three years. 8.It turned out + that-从句。结果是… …

例：It turned out that we made a big mistake in the experiment.

9.It occurred to sb. + that-从句。某人想到了... ...此句型里，it其实为形式主语。例：It occurred to me that we could solve that problem in another way. 注意：【1】It is likely that +主语+谓语...... 【2】It is said/believed/reported that +主语+谓语...... 【3】It seems/appears/happens that +主语+谓语...... 这三个句型可以转换为带不定式to的简单句，转换后动词不定式的各种时态为命题热点。例：[1] It is said that she studied in Japan last year. = She is said to have studied in Japan last year. [2] It is said that she is studying in Japan now. = She is said to be studying in Japan now.[3] It is said that she has been studying in Japan for two years. = She is said to have been studying in Japan for two years. [4] It is said that she will study in Japan next year. = She is said to study in Japan next year.

三、it作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语

1.主语+ think/consider/find/feel/make/believe/regard + it + adj./n. (for sb.) to do...

例：[1] She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend.

[2] Mobile phones make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere. [3] I have made it a rule to get up early.

2.主语+ think/consider/find/feel + it + no good/use doing sth.。例：I consider it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.

3.主语+believe/imagine/think/consider/find/feel/make/regard + it + adj./n.+ that-从句。

例：[1] I really find it a pity that you didn’t come to the party.

[2] Scientists believe it possible that we can live on the moon in the future. 4....owe it to sb. that ......把某事归功/咎于某人（it为形式宾语，that引导的从句为真正的宾语）。

He owed it to these doctors and nurses that he got well again. 5.主语+ hate/dislike/love/like + it + when-从句（表示对从句中这种情况的喜好或厌恶）。 例：I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.

6.主语+ appreciate + it + if-从句（表示对某一假设的情况表示感激）。例：I really appreciate it if you could help me with my maths.

7.主语+ see to/answer for it + that-从句（确保......）。 主语+ depend/rely on it + that-从句（指望，确信......）。例：You must see to it that the doors are locked before