英语字母及字母组合的发音规则

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英语字母及字母组合的发音规则 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [?] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [?] clock not box shop sock

u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a在[w]音后面 [?] want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词

a [?] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [?] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children

i [?]/ holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite

o [?] second tonight somebody welcome [?u] also zero photo u [?] autumn difficult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[?]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

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元音字母组合 读 音 例 词

ar [α:] car farm dark sharpener

在[w]音后面 [?:] warm quarter towards or [?:] forty morning short

在[w]音后面[?:] word worker worse er ir ur [?:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节常读[?]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday 五、-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 元音字母组合 读 音 例 词 are [??] care dare hare [i?] ere here mere ire [ai?] fire hire wire ore [?:] more score before ure [ju?] pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[?]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 元音字母组合 读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [??] air hair chair pair repair al在f m前 [?] small ball talk wall all [?:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm

au/aw [?:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great

ear [i?] hear dear near clear year [??] bear pear wear swear [?:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [i?] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key

eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry

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ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough [u:] group you soup

our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey

ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音 元音字母组合或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle

-sure [VE] pleasure measure -ture [tFE] picture culture

八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如： everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:] 有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如： sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅音字母组合的读音 辅音字母组合 读 音 例 词 b bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb

cc在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music

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[s] face decide cinema

ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [dV] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast

gg在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go [dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high

gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest

j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn

nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry

-ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science

sh [F] she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch

th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method

[T] the these with than [T] clothe fathe r weather

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

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v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] Answer two

wh-wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole

x在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] example exist exact wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo

国际音标元音发音一览表

重读闭音节 重读开音节 非重读音节 R音节 字母组合 a

[?] bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand pan [ei] cake date face game paper lady mistake [i] bandage climate palace village massage

[?] about Canada China woman sofa address [ɑ:] arm car dark farm garden yard park market ai(ay)-[ei] aim fail may lay

au-[?:] fault pause cause

aw-[?:] draw hawk lawyer

air-[??] chair fair hair pair

are-[??] care dare share spare e

[e] bed desk get leg lesson message neck pen rest send ten [i:] even fever he metre she these

[i] before collage cinema decide enjoy jacket

[?] garden licence open silent excellent travel [?:] nerve serve term

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