The results have gone beyond our hopes.
The professor in his lecture went beyond the capacity of his audience. ▲Go by 过去，经过；根据…来判断
Time goes by quickly on vacation. / Don’t let the chance go by. Going by his clothes, he must by very rich.
▲Go down （太阳等下落，（船）下沉，（价格等）下跌，减少，（温度等）下降；载入（历史），传下去
As the sun went down the whole sky became suffused with a red glow. Prices on the stock exchange have begun to go down. The wind went down and the sea became quite calm.
Winston Churchill will go down in history as the man who rallied（振作）the British people when they seemed to be defeated.
This day will go down in history.
▲Go in for 从事（某职业/工作）；从事（某活动），有（某爱好） I suppose you will go in seriously for politics some day. If I’m going in for painting, I must do it thoroughly.
▲Go into 调查，了解，研究；讨论，细谈；从事（某一行业） She had had no time to go deeply into the matter just them. (look into) Now, if you will allow me, I’ll go into the matter briefly. Bill wants to go into law when he gets out of school. ▲go off 响起；爆炸；消失；进行；变质 The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off. His gun went off accidentally as he was climbing over a fence. The bomb went off at midday. (vi.) （set off vt.） The protest march went off peacefully with only two arrests. This bacon smells a bit funny - do you think it's gone off?
▲Go on 发生，（活动）进行；进展，（某些工作）进行情况；（时间）过去，流逝；去（访问，旅行等）
The teacher knows what goes on when she leaves the room. The work was going on steadily, successfully.
I was tired of listening to her complaints, but she went on and on. As time went on, things began to change. They’re going on a trip to Europe next year. ▲Go out 出去，出国；熄灭，过时
Please go out and tell the children to make less noise. The light went out and we were left in the dark. ▲Go over 研究，检查，审阅；复习
The policeman went over the facts again and again, but couldn’t piece them together.
The teacher went over the lesson for revision purposes. / Students went over their lesson at night. ▲Go through 审阅，检查；翻找，查看；用完；经历（困难、痛苦等），经过（经过（阶段等） There is a mistake somewhere; we’ll have to go through the accounts and see where it is. I went through the papers looking for Jane’s letter. He went through all the money his father gave him.
She went through one hardship after another. / The country has gone through many wars.
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▲Go up 上涨；上升，增长
The shares have gone up three points since yesterday.
Everything went up in the budget except pensions （养老金）. ▲Go with 相配，一道用（合适）；和…紧密相连，随着…而来 I want to buy a new tie to go with this brown suit. Happiness doesn’t necessarily go with money. 例题：
1. When she ________ the forest, she found herself in a quite different world. A. went over A. go ahead
11. Hold back 踌躇不前，犹豫不定；抑制，控制；阻碍，阻止；隐瞒，不公布 Mary is afraid of people; she always holds back when we take her to a party. Some people are accustomed to holding back their emotions. Shortage of capital was a factor holding back economic development. I could tell from his nervousness that he was holding back something. ▲Hold down 压抑，控制，制止；使不涨或增加；保持住（某工作） Kings used to know how to hold down the people. Jim has not held down a job for more than a year.
▲Hold on 坚持（下去）；（电话）别挂，等一等；（hang on?hang up） Well, who on earth would have thought they’d have held on like this without support! Yes, Mr. Pitt is in. If you hold on for a moment I’ll get him for you. ▲Hold on to 抓住不放，抓牢；保持，不要放弃（或卖掉） Don’t panic; just hold on to that rock and I’ll come and fetch and down. Mr. Smith told me to hold on to my oil shares.
▲Hold out 坚持（抵抗），顶住（压力）；维持，够用，继续进行；伸出
How long can we hold out against these attacks? / How long will our food supplies hold out? Mr. Ryan held out his hand in welcome on seeing the guests. ▲Hold up 举起，举着，支撑；使不能行使 The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question. Work on the building site has been held up by bad weather. The bus was held up because a tree had fallen across the road. 例题：
1. They ________ campaign signs on the street, winning support from ladies and children. A. held out A. held out
12. Keep away (from) 不沾，避开，不接近；使离开（不来） If Jane doesn’t keep away from that guy, she is going to regret it.
What has been keeping you away? You haven’t been round to see us for ages. ▲Keep back 隐瞒（没讲）；扣下不付；留在后面（不往前走）；忍住（眼泪） She told us most of the story, but kept back the bit about her uncle.
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B. went through B. go down
C. went into C. go beyond
D. went up D. go by
2. So boys and girls, ________ and enjoy your buffet …just be careful to take small portions（部分/份）.
B. held on B. held on
C. held back C. held up
D. held up D. held down
2. When talking about cooperation agreement, they ________ several harsh terms（苛刻条件）.
It’s quite normal to keep back ten percent of the cost of a building for a period of six months or so, in case faults are found in it.
‘Keep back (别往前挤)!’ the doctor shouted, as the onlookers crowded round. ‘Give the man some air!’ Having been informed of the accident, she tried to keep back her tears. ▲Keep off （使）避开，（使）不要踩/吃/谈等；（雨，雪等）不下
The only way to get your weight down is to keep off fattening foods. / Please keep off that subject. The thunderstorm, which had been brewing（酝酿）all evening, kept off until we were safely indoors. ▲Keep out 挡住，使进不去，不要进来 They have shut the door and mean to keep us out.
The landlord of the pub said that he had no intention of keeping the hippies out so long as they behaved themselves.
▲Keep up 保持/继续（下去）(使)不下降/衰减，不泄气；使不去睡觉；保持良好状态 We’ve kept up our friendship for over twenty years now.
The hurricane kept up for several days and left a swathe(一捆，一摊) of destruction across the country. To keep your strength up for the next examination, eat well and get enough sleep. They kept me up for three hours talking about their work. We are very anxious to keep up the reputation of the firm.
▲Keep up with 跟上，不落后；了解（最新发展）（catch up with赶上）
The government said they would try to ensure that old age pensions kept up with the ever-increasing life cost.
It’s impossible to keep up with the news unless you read the newspapers or surf the Internet every day. Julie is one of those women who always keep up with the latest fashions. 例题：
1. I sensed at that moment that Mary told us most of the story but ________ the part about her parents. A. kept up A. keep out
13. Look after 照看；负责处理
She got two pounds a month for looking after fifteen rooms. ▲Look at 看（问题），看待；考虑；审查 You look at things that way, but society won’t. They refused to look at my suggestion.
I can’t tell you what it is worth. You must get an expert to look at it. ▲Look back (on/upon) 回顾，回想（过去）
I like to look back on my high-school days, which were among the happiest in my life. Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference. ▲Look down on/upon 轻视，看不起
He must have been looked down upon by his contemporaries, for his personality features oddity and reserve.
▲Look into 调查，了解，研究
The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime.
Your complaint is being looked into; when we have anything to report we will call you again. ▲Look on/upon …as 看待，把…看作
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B. kept out B. keep up
C. kept back C. keep back
D. kept off D. keep away
2. Due to the economic crisis, the house is becoming too expensive for them to ________.
Most people look on a mobile phone as an essential electronic device.
▲Look out 查出，找出；当心，注意；后接（for）?提防，留心找（某物） Look out when you are walking through a forest, especially for those poisonous spiders. We’ve looking out for a new house, one that is not very big but comfortable to live in. ▲Look over 审阅，复习；查看
Look this over for me and see if it’s all right, will you? I’m going to look over a house that I’m thinking of buying. ▲Look through 翻阅，读（一遍），浏览
He looked through the book and decided that he wouldn’t like it. ▲Look up 查出，了解
If neither of them knew it, they would look it up in the encyclopedia （百科全书）. ▲Look up to 尊敬
All his followers looked up to him as a wise and courageous man. 例题：
1. He is a rather experienced man, who is always ________. A. looked down upon supervisor. A. looked out for
14. Make for 向…走去，前往；有助于造成
As soon as it started to rain we turned round and made for home.
International football matches do not always make for better understanding between countries. ▲Make into 把…做成；使成为，使变成
In this factory, trees are cut into pieces and pulped, and the pulp is made into paper. Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. ▲Make it 成功；按时到达某处；约定（时间）
After years as an unsuccessful businessman, he’s finally made it.
I had hoped to get to the meeting, but I found at the last minute that I couldn’t make it. --Shall we meet next week? – Yes. Let’s make it next Sunday. ▲Make out 看清楚，辨别；理解，明白 (figure out) I cannot make out whether this figure is a three or an eight. I can’t make out what he is saying.
▲Make up 创造，编造；和解；弥补，把…补上（直接）；化妆；构成，占 Not having a good excuse for being late, Sally made one up. Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while. Because you were ill, you’ll have to make up the final exam. I want to go to bed early to make up the sleep I lost last night. It is unnecessary that many girls make up when they are very young.
Moslems make up 40 percent of the European Common Market foreign workforce. (account for) ▲Make up for 弥补（间接）
He tried to make up for all the trouble he had caused.
How could he make up for all she had suffered because of him. 例题：
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B. looked through C. looked up to D. looked out
2. I have ________ the report of performance evaluation and have also discussed its content with my
B. looked over
C. looked up to
D. looked after
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