规范练(二十九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An electric signal can trick a monkey's brain into believing the animal's finger has been touched.
Touch something， and your brain knows. The hand sends signals to the brain to announce contact was made. But that feeling of touch may not require making actual contact， tests on monkeys now show. Zapping brain cells can fool the animal into thinking its finger has touched something.
A person who has lost a limb or become paralyzed may need an artificial limb to complete everyday tasks. But such patients may not truly feel any objects they hold. The new findings point toward one day creating a sense of touch in those who use such artificial limbs. Psychologist Sliman Bensmaia of the University of Chicago worked on the new tests. His team's findings appeared on October 14 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
The sense of touch is crucial to everyday tasks： People without it may have difficulty cracking an egg， lifting a cup or even turning a doorknob. That's why restoring it is a major goal for designers of artificial limbs.
In their new study， Bensmaia and his co-workers worked with rhesus monkeys. The scientists implanted electrodes(电极)—small devices that can detect and relay an electrical signal—into the animals' brains. The scientists used the electrode data to identify which neurons had become active. Then the scientists used the implanted electrodes to zap those same neurons. And the monkeys reacted as though their fingers had been touched. In fact， they hadn't.
The monkeys couldn't use words to tell the scientists what they had felt. Instead， they communicated by looking in a particular direction—just as when they had really been touched.
The new findings show how touch-sensitive devices could be built. The new study also offers “a nice clear pathway” for figuring out how to restore a sense of touch to an amputee(被截肢者) or someone with a injury of spinal cord.
The study shows how artificial limbs might be connected to the brain so that a person can “feel” with such a prosthesis(假肢). But such a supersensory device doesn't exist yet and scientists have a lot of work to do before people will benefit from it. Researchers must first figure out whether the electrodes would work in people in the same way they do in monkeys.
“I think the foundation is laid for human trials，” Bensmaia said. [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了研究人员正在研制的一种触觉装置，这有可能让那些残疾人利用假肢来获得触觉。
1.What does the underlined word “it” refer to？ A.The sense of touch. B.An artificial limb.
C.The turning of a doorknob. D.The lifting of a cup.
解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的“The sense of touch is crucial to everyday tasks：People without it may have difficulty cracking an egg，lifting a cup or even turning a doorknob”
可知这里的it指的是前面的“The sense of touch”。
答案：A
2.Bensmaia tested monkeys to prove that the feeling of touch ________. A.is important to everyday tasks
B.may not require making actual contact C.is a problem of life and death
D.may be a challenge for designers of artificial limbs
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Then the scientists used the implanted electrodes to zap those same neurons.And the monkeys reacted as though their fingers had been touched.In fact，they hadn't”可知，B项正确。
答案：B
3.The last sentence of the text suggests humans ________. A.will use touch-sensitive devices B.will test monkeys soon
C.lay foundations for monkey trials D.will be tested on the electrodes
解析：推理判断题。结合最后一段“'I think the foundation is laid for human trials，'Bensmaia said”可知，Bensmaia认为进行人类试验的基础已经打好了，因此选D。
答案：D
4.The passage is mainly about ________. A.restoring a sense of touch B.fooling a clever monkey C.making new artificial limbs D.sending a signal with electrodes
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了关于恢复触觉的研究，还介绍了科学家们利用猴子进行这种触觉实验的情况。因此A项符合主题。
答案：A
B
Summer is coming and the weather is heating up. Are you drinking enough water？ Many kids aren't， according to a new study by Erica Kenney， a scientist at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health who originally planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks kids were consuming in schools. However， during her research she found many kids were not drinking enough water.
Kenney examined data from a group of 4，000 children， ages 6 to 19， between 2012 and 2015. The data was taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey， a study on the health of children in America conducted each year by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
While looking through the survey results， she noticed more than half of the surveyed kids were dehydrated. Of that group， boys were 76% more likely than girls to have no enough water in their system. Nearly one quarter of the kids in the survey reported drinking no water at all.
“These findings are significant because they highlight a potential health issue not given much attention to before，” Kenney said in a statement. “This is not an immediate， dramatic health threat， but could really reduce quality of life and well-being for many children.”
60% of the human body is made up of water. It regulates body temperature， delivers oxygen all over the body， assists in digestion， and performs various other tasks that keep our bodies healthy. Not drinking enough water can cause health problems like headaches and poor physical performance.
Kenney says on average， kids need 10 to 14 cups of water every day. This water can come from foods containing high amounts of water， such as melons or tomatoes. Kids should drink water instead of sugary drinks that are high in calories and can cause weight problems.
“The good news is that this is a public health problem with a simple solution，” said Steven Gortmaker.
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。Erica Kenney进行了一项研究，发现在校孩子们体内普遍缺水。
5.According to the passage， Erica Kenney ________. A.did the research between 2012 and 2015
B.studies the health of American kids every year C.has found most children drink no water at school D.intended to find out kids' drinking habits at school
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“originally planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks kids were consuming in schools”可知，Erica Kenney进行的研究旨在找出孩子们在校的饮水习惯。
答案：D
6.The findings of Kenny's research show that many parents ________. A.don't care about their kids' safety. B.should get their kids to do more sports C.should know more about their kids' health
D.attach too much importance to their kid's grades
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“...a potential health issue not given much attention to before”可知，这个潜在的健康问题之前并没有得到重视，因此父母应该更多地了解他们孩子的健康。
答案：C
7.The main purpose of Paragraph 5 is to show ________. A.ways to keep us healthy B.the best time to drink water
C.the need to keep our body balanced D.the importance of water to our health 解析：写作目的题。根据第五段中提到的水在人体中的作用以及缺水的危害等内容可知，本段主要是为了告诉人们水对人体的重要性。
答案：D
8.If a paragraph follows the passage， it will be about ________. A.tips to stay hydrated
B.the content of the good news C.the harm of having sugary drinks D.ways to get rid of weight problems
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“this is a public health problem with a simple solution”可知，接下来的一段会讲解决孩子们体内缺水这一健康问题的方法。故选A项。
答案：A Ⅱ.完形填空
Shmily
My grandparents were married for over half a century. They played their own special game from the __1__ they had met each other. The goal of their game was to write the __2__ “shmily” in a surprise place for the other to find. They took turns __3__ “shmily” around the house.
“Shmily” was written in the __4__ left on the mirror after a hot shower， where it would reappear bath after bath. There was no end to the places “shmily” would __5__. Little notes with “shmily” written hurriedly were __6__ on dashboards and car seats， or taped to steering wheels.
The notes were placed __7__ shoes and left under pillows. This mysterious word was as __8__ a part of my grandparents' house as the furniture.
It took me a long time __9__ I was able to fully appreciate my grandparents' game. __10__ has kept me from believing in true love， one that is pure and __11__.
__12__， I never doubted my grandparents' relationship. Their relationship was based on devotion and __13__， which not everyone is lucky enough to experience. But there was a __14__ cloud in my grandparents' life： my grandmother had breast cancer.
The disease had first appeared ten years earlier. As __15__， Grandpa was with her every step of the way. He comforted her in their __16__ room， painted that way so that she could always be __17__ by sunshine， even when she was too __18__ to go outside. Then one day， what we all dreaded finally happened. Grandma was __19__.
“Shmily.” It was written in yellow on the pink ribbons of my grandmother's __20__ bouquet. S－h－m－i－l－y＝See How Much I Love You.
[语篇解读] 本篇主要介绍一个关于爱的家庭游戏：祖父母常在一些地方写shmily这个单词，并以实际行动证明它的意义是See How Much I Love You。
1.A.time B.place C.way D.reason
解析：从他们彼此见面的时候他们就玩他们自己的特殊的游戏。 答案：A 2.A.sign B.signal C.idiom D.word
解析：结合上下文可知shmily是一个缩略词，意义为See How Much I Love You。 答案：D 3.A.hiding B.leaving C.reciting D.reading
解析：由下文中的“There was no end to the places 'shmily'”可知他们轮流在一些地方留下shmily这个词。
答案：B 4.A.dirt B.water C.steam D.stream
解析：由下文语境“where it would reappear bath after bath”以及常识可知是在镜子上的蒸汽上写字。
答案：C
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