【二】习题
1.The lecture ______, he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker.
A. began B. beginning C. having begun D. being beginning 2.Darkness ______ in, the young people strolled on the streets.
A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set 3. A new technique ______, the production increased by 20 percent.
A. to have been worked out B. having worked out C. working out D. having been worked out 4. On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears ______, alert, listening. A. pointed B. pointing C. are pointed D. are pointing 5. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work ______, we didn’t accept the offer.
A. not being finished B. not having finished C. had not been finished D. was not finished 6. There are various kinds of metals, each ______ its own properties (特性).
A. has B. had C. to have D. having 7. The old man stood under a big tree, ______.
A. a pipe in mouth B. with a pipe in mouth
C. pipe in mouth D. pipe in his mouth 8. ________, all the students ran out of the classroom.
A. Class was over B. Class is over C. Class over D. When class over 9. He was lying on the grass, his hands________ under his head.
A. crossing B. crossed C. was crossing D. were crossed
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【三】其他形式的独立主格结构
1.It形式的独立结构（表示自然现象、时间、距离或环境状况等） It being Monday, the library is closed.
It being spring, many kinds of flowers come out. 2.倒装结构（即在独立结构中，逻辑主语在后）
(1) there being形式（含义为“有??”, being不能省略）
① There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.没有汽车，我们只好步行回家。 ② There being lots of work to do, we can’t give you a hand.有很多工作要做，我们无法 帮助你。
(2) such being形式
① Such being the case, she had nothing to say.
情况就这样，她没有什么要说。
② Such being the fact, he had to admit his mistake. 事实如此, 他只好承认他的错误。
(3) 介词短语形式
In the sand being the mark of a man’s foot, Crusoe stared at it, full of fear. 沙地里是一个男子的脚印，Crusoe注视着脚印，充满了恐惧。 注意：being在下列情况下不能省略：
① 独立主格结构的主语为it或there。 ② 独立主格结构用倒装句式。
③ 用于“名词/主格代词+being done”结构中。
以上代词均为主格代词。【三】1-5 A DBCA6b
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【三】习题
1. Such ______ the case, I have no other choices.
A. being B. is C. was
D. to be
2. ________, there is no school.
A. It is Sunday B. It was Sunday being Sunday
C. It will be Sunday D. It
3. There ________ no classes yesterday，we paid a visit to the Great Wall． A. was B. being C. were D. had been
4. __________, we have to get down to business right away．
A. As there was no time left B. There is no time left C. There being no time left D. There to be no time left
5. _____, we all went swimming in high spirits.
A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather
6. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There is
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【四】介词with / without复合结构 （上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现） 1.这种结构的构成和含义如下：
doing (表示动作的主动和进行)① done （表示动作的被动和完成）② to do (表示将来)③ With / without + 名词/宾格代词+ adj / adv (表示状态或特征)④ 介词短语（表示状态或特征）⑦ 名词（表示状态或特征）
注意 ：
? 在with/without 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。 ? “With / without + 名词/宾格代词+名词”使用的情形很少。
? 该结构作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等含义；有时候也可以作定语。
① With the boy leading the way, we are sure we’ll be there on time. 有男孩带路，我们有把握我们会准时到那儿。（表示原因） ② The classroom is very bight with all the lights turned on. 所有的灯都打开，教室里非常明亮。（表示时间） ③ I can’t go out, with a lot of work to do. 我不能出去，因为有很多工作要做。（表示原因） ④ Don’t talk with your mouth full. 不要嘴里含着东西谈话。（表示方式） ⑤ With the light off, we can’t see anything. 灯灭了，我们什么也看不见。（表示原因） ⑥ He fought the tiger without a stick as his only weapon. 他与老虎搏斗, 没有一根棍子作为武器。（表示方式）
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