第七讲 记叙文阅读理解
Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.”This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up，“Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out e-mails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
1．What can we infer about the parent from her reply in Paragraph 1? A．She knows little about the club. B．She isn't good at sports.
C．She just doesn't want to volunteer. D．She's unable to meet her schedule.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.可知，你可以当我是最后的候选人，如果没有其他的志愿者，那么我就做。由此可推断出，她不想做志愿者。故选C。
[答案] C
2．What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Encourage teamwork. B．Appeal to feelings. C．Promote good deeds.
D．Provide advice.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线前一句She may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，画线句应是“煽情”之意。故选B。
[答案] B
3．What can we learn about the parent from Paragraph 3? A．She gets interested in lacrosse. B．She is proud of her kids. C．She'll work for another season. D．She becomes a good helper.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及 the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
[答案] D
4．Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A．It gives her a sense of duty. B．It makes her very happy. C．It enables her to work hard. D．It brings her material rewards.
[解析] 细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四段最后两句Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，为社区作贡献可以带来真正的快乐， 参加志愿者活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。
[答案] B
Step2 文体分析·解题方略须明了
记叙文章抓三点，人物地点与时间。 顺叙倒叙或插叙，事件经过须了然。 叙人叙事为一理，情感更于字行间。 细节题干精准匹，推理判断解疑难。
一、阅读理解中记叙文的文体和结构特点
记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中
描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。
二、阅读理解中记叙文的答题误区
记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。
三、阅读理解中记叙文的阅读策略
在做记叙文的阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。在答记叙文类的阅读理解题时，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果尤为重要，还要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系、句际之间的指代和同义词复现等。
Step3 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度
A
(2019·阜蒙县第二高级中学期末)Growing up in Philadelphia, Lieberman started cooking with his stay-at-home dad when he was seven. His food-loving family had two kitchens, and he quickly learned what was the best way to bake his cakes. Lieberman improved his kitchen skills greatly during a year abroad before college, learning from a cook in Italy and studying local specialties(特色菜) in Germany, Spain, and France.
At Yale, he was known for throwing dinner parties, single-handedly frying and baking while mixing drinks for dozens of friends. Just for fun, he and some friends decided to tape a show named campus cuisine(菜肴) about his cooking. Lieberman was a real college student showing his classmates how to do things like making drinks out of dining-hall fruit. That helped the show become very popular among the students. They would stop Lieberman after classes to ask for his advice on cooking. Tapes of the show were passed around, with which his name went beyond the school and finally to the Food Network.
Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman's charisma is key. “Food TV isn't about food anymore，”says Flay. “It's about your personality and finding a way to keep people's eyeballs on your show.”
But Lieberman isn't putting all his eggs in one basket. After taping the first season of the new show, Lieberman was back in his own small kitchen preparing sandwiches. An airline company was looking for someone to come up with a tasteful, inexpensive and easy-to-make menu to serve on its flights. Lieberman got the job.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在费城长大的Lieberman，在他七岁的时候就开始和他的全职爸爸一起做饭。他很快就学会了烤蛋糕的最佳方法。在大学毕业前的一年里，利伯曼大大提高了他的厨房技能，从意大利的厨师那里学习，并学习德国、西班牙和法国的当地特产。Lieberman组织和参加了多个活动：组织聚会、制作录像带、给同学解答烹饪问题等，
他是个友好而活跃的人。
1．We can learn from the text that Lieberman's family ________. A．have relatives in Europe C．often hold parties
B．love cooking at home D．own a restaurant
[解析] 细节判断题。根据第一段“Lieberman started cooking with his stay-at-home dad when he was seven. His food-loving family had two kitchens”可以判断出他的家人喜欢在家里做饭。故选B。
[答案] B
2．The Food Network got to know Lieberman ________. A．at one of his parities B．from his teachers C．through his taped show D．on a television program
[解析] 细节推断题。根据第二段最后一句“Tapes of the show were passed around，with which his name went beyond the school and finally to the Food Network.”可以推断出Food Network是通过他表演的录像带知道Lieberman的。故选C。
[答案] C
3．What does the underlined word “charisma” in the text refer to? A．A natural ability to attract others. B．A way to show one's achievement. C．Lieberman's after-class interest. D．Lieberman's fine cooking skill.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第三段的“It's about your personality and finding a way to keep people's eyeballs on your show.”可知Food Network看中Lieberman的关键是他的魅力，可以推断出charisma是吸引别人的能力的意思。故选A。
[答案] A
4．What can we learn about Lieberman from the text? A．He is clever but lonely. B．He is friendly and active. C．He enjoys traveling around. D．He often changes his menus.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段后半部分可知Lieberman组织和参加了多个活动：组织聚会、制作录像带、给同学解答烹饪问题等，可以推断出他是个友好而活跃的人。故选B。
[答案] B
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