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a. Intensifying public feeling of frustration b. Reason for doing so: to gain votes in election III. (8—10) World Values Survey’s findings
1. Difference between some developing countries and industrialized countries 2. Latin American countries’ rankings on measures of happiness and life satisfaction
3. Relationship between money and happiness IV. (11—12) Effects of values debates 1. Leading to profound social debates
2. More likely to make people feel less content with everyday life
Lesson 23
Answers to the Questions
V. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B VI.
1. Anyone studying the analysis and perusing 330 additional pages of references and tables will be quickly disabused of the idea that the currents of religious belief and practice are flowing in one or two or even a half dozen clear directions. 2. Among advanced industrial countries, the US is unusually religious. Nearly 6 out of 10 Americans pray once or more times each day; high percentages report feeling close to God, experiencing God’s presence or guidance on most days.
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Faith in God, they say, is “very important” in their lives.
3. Europe was already significantly secular in the 1970s. No, European countries are not similar in religious belief. One 1997 survey question found 1.9 percent of Greeks and 2.8 percent of Italians calling themselves atheists compared with 24.3 percent of the French and 59.7 percent of East Germans. Those who said that they both believed in God and practiced their faith ranged from 5.5 percent in Denmark to 51.9 percent in Ireland.
4. No, there is no uniform religious pattern in East European countries’ religious belief. One 2005 survey found 90 percent of Romanians believing in a God understood as a “person” compared with 16 percent of Estonians. A 2006 survey indicated that 3 out of 4 Poles prayed daily, compared to 1 out of 8 Czechs. Poles are 6 times as likely to believe in an afterlife as East Germans.
5. According to the National Opinion Research Center’s report, with more modernization in general and with more education in particular, religious beliefs and behaviors across countries do tend to decline.
Outline
I. (1—4) NORC’s analysis of global religious trends 1. NORC’s release of its analyses
2. NORC’s emphasis on complexity of religious belief change 3. NORC’s way of research
II. (5—8) Americans’ religious belief
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1. Remaining unusually religious among advanced industrialized countries 2. A little slip in Americans’ religious belief
3. Increase of Americans believing in a life after death 4. Tilt of religious change in the secular direction III. (9—11) West Europeans’ religious belief 1. Further secular shift
2. Big differences among West European countries
a. Religious belief in Greece, Italy, France, Germany, Denmark, and Ireland b. Factors in the state of religious belief IV. (12—13) East Europeans’ religious belief
1. Impact of political system change on religious belief 2. No uniform pattern of religious belief change.
3. Survey findings about religious belief of Romanians, Estonians, Poles, Czechs and East Germans.
V. (14—18) Modernization’s impact on religious belief 1. Some life in the secularization thesis
2. Moderate correlation between modernization and religious belief decline 3. No big differences between people in scientific occupations and people in
non-scientific occupations
4. Evidence’s weak support for the proposition
VI. (19) Author’s comment: Suspending belief in easily identified patterns
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Lesson 24
Answers to the Questions
V. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B VI.
1. She works as a receptionist and payroll administrator in a manufacturing firm in Milwaukee.
2. She thinks that work is slow. She finds limited opportunities to take on more duties. She fills empty moments by emailing friends and working on freelance writing assignments.
3. According to Rothlin and Werder, one third of workers in the US do not have enough to do. Underchallenged employees spend more than two hours a day on personal matters. Employees waste over $5,000 a year per worker on boreout. 4. Haase took the job she didn’t really like because she was saddled with student loans and needed a paycheck.
5. Megan Rothman suffers from boreout because her boss doesn’t seem to be willing to accommodate her though she has asked to take on additional responsibilities.
6. She divides her idle time equally between productive tasks such as reading marketing blogs or doing writing exercises, and nonwork activities such as G-mail and My Space.
7. Bryant offers to employers concerned about boredom on the job this reminder:
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“People don’t want to be bored. Given the opportunity, they’ll be productive to their fullest ability.”
Outline
I. (1—2) Specific example of Nicole Haase
1. Having limited opportunities to take on more duties 2. Ways of filling empty moments
II. (3—5) Rothlin and Werder’s book about boreout 1. Pervasive problem in the US 2. Three elements of boreout
3. Cause of boreout and employees’ ways of pretending to be busy III. (6—9) Process of boreout formation 1. Case of Haase 2. Case of Rothman
IV. (10—19) Workplace specialists’ advice to employees struggling with boreout 1. Remaining committed and connected to their employer
2. Noticing their boredom and think about what they can add to their job 3. Using a proper way to show to the supervisor what else they’re willing to take
on in their work
4. Making an analysis of their situation
5. Other causes of underemployment and specialists’ advice a. Overstaffing and taking shadow positions
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