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1. The origin of the term and the problems with the term 2. Rich diversity of Latinos V. (11) Increased visibility of Latinos
Lesson 3
Answers to the Questions
V. 1.C 2.D 3.C 4. A VI.
1. WWII led to women’s entry into the workforce. As men marched off to fight,
women took their husbands’ places in factories and on the farms. They never looked back. Most now take it for granted that women have as much to offer at work as men do.
2. No, it is more than a financial issue because it raises social as well as economic
questions and its resolution will involve governments, employers and people. 3. The babyboom generation is far larger than the generation that follows it or any
that preceded it. Its achievement will cast a shadow over the companies it is set to leave.
4. The present ways of dealing with a falling supply of labor are shifting work
offshore, laxer immigration rules and use of new equipment.
5. If they were offered the chance of staying on at work, many older employees
would jump at the chance because they will no longer be able to retire in the
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style they have been led to expect. Corporate pension schemes and health benefits are becoming even less generous. Besides the need for money, many elderly people want to continue working for mental stimulation.
6. The author thinks that older workers need to adapt and accept a relative decline
in salary and status
7. The significance of babyboomers’ changing the world of work will be more
profound and longer lasting than the changes they have brought since the 1960s.
Outline
I. (1 – 2) Social changes in western countries after WWII
1.Women’s entry into the work force 2.Retirement pensions for the elderly
II. (3 – 4) Problems caused by the present retirement pensions
1. Heavy burden of financing retirement pensions for babyboomers 2. Companies’ shortage of skilled workers
III. (5 – 7) Need to keep the elderly at work
1. Present ways of dealing with a falling supply of labour
2. Elderly people’s desire for work a. Elderly people’s need for money
b. Elderly people’s desire for mental stimulation
IV. (8 – 10) Suggestions to governments and companies about how to keep the
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elderly people at work
1. Separation of pension from their final salaries
2. Freeing up labor markets instead of focusing on legislating to ban
discrimination on grounds of age
3. Offering flexible work schedule
V. (11) Suggestion to the elderly workers
Need to adapt to a relative decline in salary and status
VI. (12) Significance of babyboomers’ changing the world of work
Lesson 4
Answers to the Questions
V. 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B VI.
1. According to the new government figures, British female full time workers will
be paid ￡ 369,000 less than their counterparts over their lifetime.
2. That lifetime disparity would be enough to pay for 31 years of childcare or 22
new cars, or to pay off the average student debt 18 times over.
3. Britain’s gender pay gap of 2008 was larger than that of 2007. Men were paid
17.1% more than women for full-time work while the disparity in part-time wages was 36.6%, up from 35.8% in 2007.
4. The Fawcett Society has called on the government to include mandatory pay
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auditing in the equalities bill, scheduled to be introduced in next month’s Queen’s speech.
5. According to the article, Sri Lanka is judged the fifth most equal in the world on
political empowerment because of the long incumbencies as prme minister and president of Sirimavo Bandaranaika and Chandrika Kumaratunga.
6. According to Yvonne Galligan, younger parliaments, in general, were often
much more representative.
7. Dr. Selvi Thriuchandran felt puzzled by the WEF findings, pointing out that aside
from the Bandaranaikes, Sri Lanka had the worst record in South Asia in terms of representation in the legislature and executive.
Outline
I. (1 – 4) ONS’s finding about gender pay gap in Britain
1. Lifetime pay gap for female full-time workers 2. Gender pay gap’s widening in 2008 3. Concrete value of the lifetime disparity 4. Rake’s comment on the pay gap’s widening
II. (5 – 7) WEF’s finding about UK women’s status
1.UK’s drop from 11th to 13th in terms of economic, political, health and
educational status
2. UK’s ranking in terms of progress on equal pay 3.Sectors with wide gender pay gaps
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III. (8 – 9) Efforts made to address the problem
1. Fawcett Society’s call for the inclusion of mandatory pay auditing in the
equality bill
2. Harriet Harman’s announcement of a requirement to publish gender pay
gaps
IV. (10 – 12) Analysis of women’s political empowerment
1. Analysis of Sri Lanka’s high ranking on political empowerment 2. Yvonne Galligan’s analysis of UK women’s political empowerment a. Low percentage in the House of Commons
b. Healthier gender balance in the Scottish parliament and the Welsh
assembly
3. Women’s higher representation in younger parliaments
V. (13 – 14) Dr. Selvi Thriuchanara’s view on women’s status in Sri Lanka
1. Disputing WEF’s conclusion
2. Problems faced by women in Sri Lanka
Lesson 5
Answers to the Questions
V. 1.A 2. B 3.D 4. B VI.
1.The first power shift is a rebalancing of moral authority. The major factor in the
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