专题九 名词性从句常考点
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句是英语中的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。
1 It is...和There is...
It is...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而There is意为“有??”，有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。
用it，there填空：
①________ is a pity that he was absent.
②________ is a fact that he has lied to you. ③________ is no wonder that he is so excited. ④________ is no need to worry about it.
⑤________ is no sense/point (in) arguing with him. ⑥________ is no doubt that he has gone.
【答案】①It ②It ③It ④There ⑤There ⑥There
2 从句作主语时的谓语动词形式
主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①That the president is coming ________(excite) all of us.
②How close parents are to their children ________(have) a strong influence on their character.
③When and where the meeting will be held ____________(not decide) yet. 【答案】①excites ②has ③isn't decided/hasn't been decided
3 宾语从句的时态和语序
宾语从句中的时态要注意呼应。当主句中的谓语是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同的时态。当主句中的谓语是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态(如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等)；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学真理、自然现象，则从
句仍用现在时态。宾语从句语序要用陈述语序(what is/was the matter除外)。
①The photographs will show you ________． A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
②Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________． A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
③Hello，I didn't know you ________(be) in London. How long have you been here? ④I thought he ________(be) coming tomorrow.
⑤The teacher told us that light ________(travel) at a very high speed. 【答案】①B ②D ③were ④was ⑤travels
4 表语从句中的常见句型
常用的句型有：The reason is that...；It is because...；That's why...；That's where...。
完成下列句子：
①The reason ________ he is absent from school is ________ he is ill. ＝He is ill. That's ________ he is absent from school. ＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill.
②The reason ________ he gave was ________ he was caught in the traffic jam. ③That's ________ I disagree/the problem lies/I have doubt/you are mistaken. That's ________ I disagree about/the problem lies in/I have doubt about/you are mistaken about.
【答案】①why；that；why；because ②which；that/不填 ③ where；what
5 同位语从句和定语从句的辨别
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。连接词 that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
完成下列句子：
①The news ________ he told us excited us.
The news ________ our team won the game excited us. ②The fact ________ he collected was surprising. The fact ________ he said nothing was surprising.
③There is a chance/possibility ________ he will lose the game. ＝________ are that he will lose the game.
④Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
【答案】①that/which/不填；that ②that/which/不填；that ③that；Chances ④that
6 what和that的用法
①what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并且替代名词性从句中所缺的主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句作介词宾语)，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which”；另外，what不能引导定语从句。
②that在名词性从句中只引导从句，不充当成分。如： That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.
[注]介词后不接that从句，除了in that...和except that...。
that引导两个以上的宾语从句，第一个that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省略。
完成下列句子：
①The school is no longer ________ it used to be.
＝The school is no longer the one________ it used to be. ②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen. ＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen. ③They arrived in ________ was once a school.
＝They arrive in the place ________ was once a school. ④Don't care ________ others think about you. ⑤Do you know ________ they do with waste paper?
【答案】①what；that ②that；what ③what；that/which ④what ⑤what
7 whether和if的区别以及whether和that的区别
1. if和whether都可译为“是否”，两者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换。 而以下几种情况中，只能用whether，不能用if： ①强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时。如： Let me know whether you can come or not.
②宾语从句前置时。如：
Whether this is true，I can't say. ③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句) The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)
The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)
④在介词之后作宾语时。如：
I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home. Whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain. ⑤在不定式前与不定式一起组成短语时。如： Whether to go or stay is still a question.
[注]if可以引导条件状语从句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，有“不管；无论” 之意。如：
If you ask him，he will help you.
Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time. 2. whether和that的区别：that表示事实，而whether 表示疑问。
完成下列句子：
①________ they are twins is clear. ________ they are twins is not clear.
②There is a question/an argument ________ we have enough time to do it. ③The problem is ________ he is poor at English. The problem is ________ he can improve his English. 【答案】①That；Whether ②whether ③that；how/whether
8 “疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”的区别
“疑问词＋ever”既可引导名词性从句，在主句中充当一定的成分，又可以引导让步状语从句；但是“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
完成下列句子：
①________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ________ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights. ②He wouldn't listen to ________ I said. ________ I said，he wouldn't listen to me.
③Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interest. ________ comes，you mustn't open the door.
④As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/No matter who ②whatever；Whatever/No matter what ③whoever；Whoever/No matter who ④whichever
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