响。 5.养幼儿的言语表情。 6.培养幼儿语言交往的素养。 1. 词汇数量随年龄增长而增加。 词2. 词类范围不断扩大。 汇 3. 词义理解的深化。 4. 不同词类词义的发展各有特点。 1. 帮助幼儿丰富词汇。 2. 帮助幼儿正确理解词义。 3. 帮助幼儿准确运用词汇。 1. 句型的发展：从不完整句向完整句；从简单1. 在日常生活中培养幼儿清句到复合句；从无修饰句到修饰句；从陈述句楚完整的表达能力 到非陈述句。 2. 用口头造句的形式培养幼语2. 语句结构的变化：从混沌一体到表达内容、儿表达能力。 法 词性、结构层次的逐渐分化；从松散到逐步严3. 用竞赛、游戏等多种形式谨；由压缩、呆板逐渐扩展和灵活。 提高幼儿说完整句、修饰句等3. 句子含词量的增加 不同句型的积极性。 4. 语法意识的出现 1、幼儿已经具备阅读能力，阅读材料不是文字材料而是图画材料，阅读的方式除了自己看以外，还可以借助成人的帮助来阅读。 2、分析阶段：儿童对图画的理解往往是单个的局部的，对图画内容的表达常常是出在“给事物命名”阶段，即说出“这是什么，那是什么？”。 前3、综合阶段：儿童开始能够把图上的内容经过阅组织后表达出来，能够表达图画中事物之间的读 联系，表达开始带有情境性，但还不连贯。 4、分析综合阶段：儿童阅读画报时，开始能够完整地理解画面的内容，能够把看到的和说出的统一起来，把看到并理解了的图画内容准确而迅速地说出来。表达不仅具有情境性，而且具有了连贯性和流畅。
1.选择适龄的读物。 2.以身作则培养家庭的阅读氛围。 3.读书给儿童听，唤起儿童的情感共鸣。 4.利用生活中的素材共读。 5.善用故事录音带。 6.采用多种参与形式。 作业3 （第四章）
归纳整理教材第四章内容，填写下列表格。请描述各类学前儿童语言教育活动的基本特征、主要类型、设计与实施的基本结构。 活动。 2．包含感受、理解与表现基本特征 1．围绕文学作品展开学习主要类型 文学欣赏：1．文学欣赏作品的传递。2．多通道地参与，相互作用。3．通过形象的解释帮助儿童的提问方式。 文学创造：1．复述和朗诵。2．表演。3．创编 文学作的审美目标。 4．提供多种与文学作品相互作用的途径。 设计与实施的基本结构 1．初步感知文学作品 2．理解体验作品经验 3．迁移作品经验 4．创造性想象和语言表述 品学习 3．整合相关的学习内容。 理解作品。4．采用适宜谈话
1．谈话活动应拥有一个幼儿感兴趣的话题。 1．日常生活中的谈话。 5
1．创设谈话情境，引出谈话话题。 2．谈话活动注重多方的信息交流。 3．谈话活动拥有宽松自由的交谈气氛。 4．谈话活动中教师起间接指导作用。 1．讲述活动需要有一定的讲述对象。 2．讲述活动是培养独白语言的主要途径。 3．讲述活动具有相对正式的语言情境。 4．讲述活动中需要调动幼儿的多种能力。 1．在游戏中蕴含着语言教育目标。 2．将语言学习的重点内容转化为一定的游戏规则。 3．在活动过程中逐步扩大游戏的成分。 1．早期阅读活动需要丰富的阅读环境。 2．早期阅读活动与讲述活动紧密相联。 3．早期阅读活动应具有整合性的特点。 2．有计划的谈话活动。 3．开放性的讨论活动。 2．鼓励幼儿围绕话题自由交谈。 3．引导幼儿围绕中心话题逐步拓展交谈内容。 4．教师隐性示范新的谈话经验。 1．感知理解讲述对象。 2．运用已有经验自由讲述。 3．引进并学习新的讲述经验（讲述思路的指导、讲述全面性的指导、讲述基本方式的指导）。 讲述 从讲述内容：1．叙事性讲述。2．描述性讲述。3．说明性讲述。4．议论性讲述。 从讲述对象：1．看图讲述。2．实物讲述。3．情景表演讲述。 1．语音练习的游戏。 2．词汇练习的游戏。 3．句子和语法练习的游戏。 4．表述能力练习的游戏。 1.阅读区活动 2.有计划的早期阅读活动 听说游戏 1．创设游戏情景，引发幼儿兴趣。 2．交待游戏规则，明确游戏玩法。 3．教师指导幼儿游戏。 4．幼儿自主游戏。 1．幼儿自己阅读 2．师幼共同阅读 3．围绕阅读重点开展活动 4．归纳阅读内容 早期阅读
作业4（第三章、第五章）
根据教材第三章、第五章的要求，结合工作实际，描述并评价语言教育案例。案例可以是实际工作或教学录像、电视专题片等资料的如实记录、整理，也可以是报刊、杂志、网络等刊登的语言教育案例摘抄。页面不够可附活页。 活动目标 认知目标 情感态度目标 能力目标 专门性语言教育 □谈话活动 □讲述活动 □听说游戏 教育途径 教育方法 活动准备 活动过程 活动实
□文学活动 □早期阅读 □其他 渗透性语言教育 □在日常交往中 □通过常规主题活动 □通过区角活动 □其他 □示范模仿法 □视听讲做结合法 □游戏法 □表演法 □练习法 □其他 6
录 来源
以小组为单位，对上述语言教育案例进行评析。 评价方法 □观察评估法 □作品分析法 □谈话法 □档案评估法 □其他 幼儿语言发展水平学前儿童语言发展的评价 幼儿语言学习行为评价 评价 发音 词汇 语句 倾听与表达 参与活动的积极性 完成语言学习任务的情况 □圆满完成 □基本完成 □尚未完成 独立见解（列出内容） 创造性运用语言的表现（列出内容） 评价方法 □实地观察评价法 □间接信息评价法 □自我评价法 □他人评价法 □其他 学前儿童语言教育活动的评价 目标的达成程度 □完全达到 □基本达到 □未达到 （具体说明） 内容和形式的适合程度 □完全适合 □部分适合 □不适合 （具体说明） 内部要素的协调程度（具体说明） 效果分析（具体说明） 其他（具体说明）
兴趣 □积极参与 □一般参与 □不参与 注意力 □大部分时间注意力集中 □部分时间注意力集中 □一点儿也不集中 □实际工作 □教学录像 □电视专题片 □报刊 □杂志 □网络 □其他 7
请您删除一下内容，O(∩_∩)O谢谢！！！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek.Huangpu River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a commercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’s living conditions. Where the Bund began In-between the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and criss-cross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire complex of this historical site comprises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a two-storey masonry building on an H-shaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a five-arch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a café where dinner and afternoon tea are available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees. Yuanmingyuan Road behind the complex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and high-end brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Today, it is a popular location for commercial fashion photo shoots. New Tian’an Church, or Union Church, stands at the intersection of Yuanmingyuan Road and Suzhou Creek. The church, designed in the style of the English countryside, has a capacity of 500 people. It was very popular during the concession period but was converted into factory offices after 1949. The church we see today is a replica, the original burned down in 2007. There used to be an outdoor swimming pool, the first of its kind in Shanghai, beside the church but has been filled-in and is now a small garden. Bridge of romance There is perhaps no other place that’s more representative of Shanghai than this bridge, which appears in quite a lot of movies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their pre-wedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soon-to-be-wed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect shot.Colorful lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for pre-wedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British company, the 106-meter-long bridge was the first-ever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to complaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overcome all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. \is always the best option because it’s the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. It’s like a family tradition,\Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5-km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has become a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3-km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. \different feeling because the north side is next to the creek, and the south side is adjacent to the residential highrises, which is like jogging in the jungle,\says Xiao Xu, a 27-year-old woman who lives nearby. The riverside used to be completely different. Dozens of textile mills, chemical plants and machine manufacturing factories were set up along the creek in the 1920s. They brought industrialization but also pollution. From the 1930s the creek could no longer be used as a source for tap water, and no living fish or shrimp could be found. \the riverbank to watch the sewage disposal running out from the chemical plants when I was a little girl. We didn’t know it was pollution. We thought it was a red waterfall,\low incomes would live in that area,\in the new highrises, especially those facing the creek, are much sought after. East China University of Political Science and Law This is the famous former Saint John’s University, China’s first-ever modern institution of higher education established by missionaries from the United States in 1879. The buildings combine Chinese and Western elements. Address: 1575 Wanhangdu Road, Changning district The old residential area After you leave the university from its east gate you will enter a shabby neighborhood that retains its original look. The alleys are narrow and the houses are overcrowded. Some things have not changed for many generations, such as raising chickens at home. Address: West Guangfu Road Moganshan Road This is an artsy street that has become very popular among artists and fashionistas in recent years. Graffiti covers the walls on the winding street, where you can find a cluster of art galleries and creative industry offices. Sihang Warehouse Four banks jointly funded the construction of this warehouse, so it is named sihang, or four banks. The warehouse, built in 1931, was used for the storage of food, first-aid supplies and ammunition during the years of war. The building, which is also a masterpiece left by the Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec in the 1930s, has been recently transformed into a center of creative industry workshops. Address: 1 Guangfu Road, Zhabei district 8
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