3 the sound that small metal objects make when they hit each other (jingle)
4 to make a sound less loud (mute)
5 a low sound made by something heavy falling or hitting something (thud)
Now decide what word you can use to describe the sound of:
(a) small, frightened animal (whimper: eg The whimpering dog was trying to escape to the corner of the room.)
(b) someone covering someone else’s mouth to
stop them shouting (mute: eg The enemy were coming nearer and nearer, so he muted his friend’s shout; they must not be heard.)
(c) heavy branch falling from a tree to the ground (thud: eg There was a dull thud as the box hit the floor.)
(d) an old bicycle on a bad road (rattle: eg The old taxi rattled down the street.)
(e) coins in your pocket (jingle: eg Just then there was the jingle of keys outside the door.)
4 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
1 She threw the beans into a pan of boiling water. (tossed) 2 I could hear the cheerful sounds of church bells through the window. (tones)
3 My uncle worked in a factory which produced steel. (mill) 4 He piled up the glinting silver coins so the bank clerk could count them. (stacked; cashier)
5 My grandfather gave an important sum of money to my college savings. (significant; fund)
6 My dad’s hard work and motivation and love described our relationship. (determination; defined)
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5 Answer the questions about the words and phrases.
1 f you do something with perseverance, you (a) keep trying with determination, or (b) do it because you’ve been told to?
2 If you do something doggedly, you do it (a) even it’s difficult, or (b) only when it’s easy?
3 If you getlaidofffrom your job, does it mean (a) you get a better job, or (b) you lose your job?
4 If you want to make something palatable, do you want to make it (a) more quickly, or (b) taste better?
5 Is agamutofemotions likely to be (a) a single emotion, or (b) a series of emotions?
6 f something holdssomeoneback, is it likely to (a) stop them from doing something, or (b) help them to do something?
7 If someone speaks eloquently, do they (a) use only a few words, or (b) say something in a beautiful way?
8 If someone lecturesyouonsomething, do they (a) talk to you seriously to criticize you, or (b) give you a talk about a serious subject?
Dealing with unfamiliar words
4 Replace the underlined words with the words in the box. 1 (perfectionist) 2. (innate) 3 (spine) 4 . (protective) 5 (outgoing) 6. (spoil)
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7. (mood) 8. (legend)
5 Complete the sentences with the c orrect form of the words in Activity 4.
1 In their schoolwork and their tennis, the Williams sisters have tried to achieve perfection.
2 You need to be innately talented to play tennis at the most competitive level.
3 Venus isn’t as outgoing as Serena.
4 As the older sister, Venus likes to protect Serena from getting hurt.
5 As the younger sister, Serena could
have been spoiled by Venus, and allowed to have or do everything she wanted.
6 Serena understands what kind of mood her sister is in even before she’s said anything.
7 The specialist doctor treats people with back and spine injuries. 8 Pete Sampras was a legend tennis player in the 1990s. 7 Answer the questions about the words and phrases. 1 If you ge t yourse lf together, do you (a) find some thing you
need, or (b) make yourself calm and organized before doing something?
2 I s go without likely to mean (a) you don’t have things you need, or (b) you have everything you need?
3 If something comesyourway, (a) are you given it by someone because you need it, or (b) do you get it by chance?
4 Is whatwith used to (a) give a number of reasons for a situation, or (b) describe more than one situation?
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5 If you have a squabble with someone, do you (a) have a small argument, or (b) share a joke?
6 If you have distractions, do you (a) concentrate on what you are doing, or (b) stop thinking carefully about what you are doing? Language in use as / when
1 Look at the sentences from the passage The pickle jar and answer the questions.
When the jar was filled, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins ...
… as we drove to the bank, Dad would look at me hopefully. Which actions are happening … (a) at the same time?
Dad was driving the car and at the same time was looking at his son. (b) one after the other?
Dad rolled the coins after the jar had been filled.
2 Complete the sentences with as / when .
1 As he got ready for bed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar.
2 As they rattled around with a brief, happy jingle, we grinned at each other.
3 When we get home, we’ll start filling the jar again. 4 A lump rose in my throat when / as I stared at the spot beside the dresser where the jar had always stood.
5 When I married, I told my wife Susan about the significant part the lowly pickle jar had played in my life as a boy.
6 … When / As Dad looked across the table at me, pouring catsup over my beans to make them more palatable, he became more determined
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