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reverted to bush. Guinea is so poor that the government doesn't have a policy of road building or maintenance in the countryside - so the rural villagers have to do it themselves. In Telimele the whole district pitches in three times a year to maintain the roads. Each village maintains only the section of road that runs through their village. The community working together keeps the roads kept open.
Section H
In Malawi an innovative approach to road building is being tested. This pilot project not only builds and maintains roads, but also provides skills and income to the local people. Each village puts forward two candidates, a man and a woman to go through a rigorous selection process. The successful candidates receive training with the project coordinators who will spend about a year and a half with the trainees, issuing them with contracts, before moving on. Once trained, the coordinators employ up to 100
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local people to maintain the roads. Section I
But not all roads have a positive impact. Luisa is an orange farmer from Tanga, Tanzania. Her life and her farm were transformed when a road was built into her village. Now she can travel outside the village. But it also means that other people, middlemen, can get in. These traders travel to buy up the oranges from the villagers. The farmers are experienced in the harsh realities of the free market but the traders are the ones with the vehicles - and they drive a hard bargain offering the farmers far less than the retail price. It's clear that an integrated transport system - from the ground up - is needed and this means low-cost transport as well as well-maintained roads.
Section J
Under pressure from creditors, African governments are experimenting with reforms. Most resources for infrastructure improvement are used up on primary and secondary roads and
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the landscape is pock-marked with grand scale projects that by and large have failed to raise the standard of living of the rural poor. But the main international development assistance agencies are focussing on schemes to lift the poor out of poverty. And they are finding that listening to, and catering for, the modest wishes of the people who live in the countryside is the best way forward. Progress at the pace the people want it to be.
Questions 1-7
Reading Passage one has ten sections A-J. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i-ⅹ in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Two-way street affected ii the local people
iiThe reformative road i gangs project iv The
most
popular
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v donkey express
vi Catering for the local vipeople
i Trial in Paos Koto viThe community spirit ii The road to be developed ix The startling reason to x the background Access to all
Negative reasons faced by the local people
Example Section A Answer ⅷ 21 Section B 22 Section C 23 Section D
ⅲ Example Section F Answer ⅴ Example Section E Answer 24 Section G 25 Section H 26 Section I 27 Section J
Questions 8-10
Do the following statements agree with the views
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