1）不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用，可数名词单数表示泛指时要与不定冠词连用。表示特指时，两者都与定冠词the连用
Have a meeting the milk in the glass
2）不可数名词不能加(e)s变为复数，可数名词则有单复数形式的变化 A lot of work some students
3)不可数名词不能用数目来计量，常用a piece of这类修饰语来表示数量上的变化，可数名词则可以 A cup of tea two girls
◆话题写作
My Favorite Food
I’m a middle school student. I like to eat healthy food. I have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast. For lunch I would like rice, fish and vegetables. I like chicken, juice, rice and hamburgers for supper. Of all the food, my favorite food is chicken and apple juice.
Unit 11 How was your school trip?
◆短语归纳
1. go for a walk 去散步 2. milk a cow 挤牛奶 3. ride a horse 骑马 4. feed chickens 喂小鸡
5. talk with 与……谈话 6. take photos= take pictures 拍照 7. quite a lot 相当多 8. show… around 带领……参观 9. learn about 了解 10. from… to… 从……到…… 11. grow strawberries 种植草莓 12. pick strawberries 采草莓 13. in the countryside 在乡下 14. go fishing 去钓鱼 15. at night 在夜晚 16. a lot of 许多；大量
17. come out 出来 18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游 19. along the way 沿线 20. after that 之后 21. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 22. all in all 总的来说
23. take a / the train 乘火车 24. be interested in 对……感兴趣 25. not… at all 根本不…… 26.at the end of 在……的尽头 27.hang out 闲逛 28.sleep late 睡过头 29.have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
30.the class monitor 班长 31.a day off 一整天
32.go for a drive 开车兜风 33.have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 34.a bowl of 一碗 35.help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事
◆用法集萃
1. How + be…? + like? ……怎么样？
2. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…… 3. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做某事
4. quite + a / an +形容词+可数名词单数 = a + very +形容词+可数名词单数 一个相当 / 很
5.出去旅行go on ……a trip， make a trip， take a trip 在旅行期间on a trip 6. feed sth.to sb./sth. 给某人/动物喂食物 feed sb./sth on sth.用食物喂某人/动物 feed on 以……为食
7.worry about对……担心，为……而担心 be worried about
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8.exciting是形容词，“令人兴奋的，令人激动地”，用来修饰事或物 The bus trip was very exciting.
excited意为“感到兴奋的”，常用来形容人 She is excited to learn the exciting news.
9.too many太多，用于修饰可数名词复数 There are too many people in the supermarket today. too much 太多，用于修饰不可数名词I have too much homework to do this weekend. much too极其，非常，太……，相当于副词very，修饰形容词或副词 The book is much too expensive.
? 语法
1. 一般过去时(past tenses)：
定义：表示过去某时间的动作或状态。 结构:“主语+动词的过去式” 1) 规则动词的过去式 构成规则 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed 以不发音e结尾的加-d 例词 watch---watched practice---practiced live--lived 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，stop---stopped plan--planned 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed 以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed study---studied carry--carried 2)不规则动词的过去式：
am,is-was come-came find—found hear-heard leave-left are-were drive-drove drink-drank see-saw forget-forgot have,has-had do-did write-wrote go-went 3)不发生变化
Let-let cut-cut put-put hurt-hurt cost-cost read-read 2. 一般过去时
表示过去短暂而很快就结束的动作和事情。 1） 常见的一般过去时的时间状语
Yesterday, last month, last year, an hour ago, just now 2） 一般过去时的一般疑问句形式
含be动词的一般过去时的一般疑问句，须讲was或were提至主语前。回答用yes或no。 Were you at school yesterday?----Yes, I was.
如果陈述句中的动词为实义动词，变成一般疑问句时要用助动词do的过去式did，这时谓语动词用动词原形 Did you drink yesterday?
3. how +be+事物名词，是一个常见的询问对某事物感觉如何的句型
how +be+sb。常用来询问某人的身体状况如何 4. how用法
1） （询问身体状况）怎样 How is your grandfather?
2） （询问方式、方法）怎样 How did you come back home? 3） （询问天气状况怎样） How is the weather in Shanghai today? 4） (询问程度)怎样How do you like the book?
◆典句必背
1. —How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样？ —It was great! 好极了！
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2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去动物园了吗？
—No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不，没有。我去农场了。 3. —Did you see any cows? 你看见一些牛奶了吗？
—Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的，我看见了，我看见相当多（的牛奶） 4. —Were the strawberries good? 这些草莓是好的吗？
— Yes, they were. 是的，它们是。 / No, they weren’t. 不，它们不是。
5. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that. 一切都是关于机器人的，我对那方面不感兴趣。
◆话题写作
I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, I did my homework, and then I played computer games. In the afternoon, I visited my grandmother. We talked for a long time.
On Sunday morning, I cleaned my room and did some reading. Then I cooked for m parents. In the afternoon, I watched a football match on TV and listened to music. I had a good time.
Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?
◆短语归纳
1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业 2. go to cinema 去看电影 3. go boating / camping 去划船 / 去野营 4. play badminton 打羽毛球 5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 6. work as 以……身份而工作 7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快 8. kind of 有点儿 9. stay up late 熬夜 10. run away 跑开 11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷 12. fly a kite 放风筝
13. high school 中学 14. put up 搭起，举起，张贴 15. in the countryside 在乡下 16. get a surprise 吃惊 17. make a fire 生火 18. each other 互相 19. so… that… 如此……以至于…… 20. go to sleep 入睡
21. the next morning 第二天早上 22. look out of…向……外看 23. shout to 冲……呼喊 24. up and down 上上下下 25. wake…up 把……弄醒 wake up醒来 26. move into… 移进…… 27. a swimming pool 一个游泳池 28.a second 又一，再一
◆用法集萃
1. go + doing 去做某事 ，一般指室外活动。如go shopping, go swimming, go skating 2. do some +doing 从事某种活动，一般指室内活动。如do some writing, do some washing 3.play + 球类 玩……球 4.时间段+ ago ……前
ago立足于现在，表示从现在起，若干时间之前，通常与一般过去时连用。常放在时间词后面
before立足过去，表示从过去某一时刻起，若干时间以前，常与过去完成时连用。常放在时间词前。也可以泛指从前
5.keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 使……保持…… 6. so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 句子 如此……以至于…… not ……enough to…… ;too ……to…… The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. The boy is too young to go to school.
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The boy is not old enough to go to school. 7. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 8. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 9.start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事
10.put on穿上 put up张贴 put off延期 put down放下
11.shout at sb指因为生气等而非善意地对某人后脚，是怀有恶意或比较粗鲁的方式 shout to sb指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊（否则对方无法听见），不带生气等感情因素。 He shouted at me to get out of his way. He shouted to me to come over to help.
? 语法
1. 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是由疑问代词（who， what， which）和疑问词（where，when，why，how）引导的疑问句
疑问句在句中不充当主语时，句型结构为：How was your weekend? When did you go with? 疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？ 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 疑问句在句中充当主语时，句型结构为： 疑问词+ was/were+表语+其他？ 疑问词+行为动词的过去式 +其他？ Who was here just now? What is the name of the dog? Who cleaned our classroom yesterday? 2. that’s why……为常用语，意为“那是…的原因”，后面要接一个陈述句。 That’s why he was late for school.
3.句型：what language do/does +主语+speak?用于询问某人讲什么语言？
◆典句必背
1. —What did you do last weekend? 上个周末你做什么了？
—I did my homework. / We went boating. 我做了我的家庭作业。/我们去划船了。 2. —Who visited her grandma? 谁看望了她的奶奶？— Becky did. 贝姬看望了。 3. My sister finished high school two weeks ago. 我的姐姐两周前中学毕业了。
4. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我是如此疲倦，以至于我很早就睡着了。
◆话题写作
My friend Li Hua came to visit me on May Day. During the following days I showed him around the city. We went to the Guangzhou Museum on the morning of May 2. We learned much about the history of Guangzhou. In the afternoon., we climbed the Baiyun Hills. It was really great fun! In the evening. I took Li Hua to the night zoo. It was interesting to see animals at night. The next day, we went to the bookshops to buy books. Though we were very tired, we enjoyed ourselves very much.
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