5. now that / since / because / as 【解释】 都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/now that，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). _______ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 2) It was _______ he was ill that he didn’ t go to school. 3). It must have rained last night, _______ the ground is all wet. 4). _______ we are alone, we can speak freely. Ⅱ.词性变化
1. violent adj.强暴的，猛violence n.暴力，强暴；猛violently adv. 强暴地；猛烈的 烈 烈地 2. fundamental adj.基本fundamentally adv. 基本fundament n. 基础；根本 (础)的n.[pl.]基本原则地；根本地 (法则) 3. development n.生长，发 展；新情况 4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产lie vi. 躺，平放；位于 (蛋) lay---laid---laid---laying 5. prevent vt. 预防，防止 prevention n.预防；阻止；preventable adj.可防止的，妨碍 6. gentle adj.轻柔的 7. physics n.物理，物理学 可预防的 lie---lay---lain---lying lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎 lie---lied---lied---lying develop vt.发展；产生 vi.生长；发展 developed adj. 发达的developing adj. 发展的 gently adv.温和地；静静地 physicist n.物理学家 physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 第 5 页 共 25 页
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before. 2). In my opinion, ________ (prevent) is more important than treatment. 3). Some programs on the Internet are full of ________ (violent) and sex. 4). With the ________ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused. 5). China is a ________ (develop) country belong to the third world. 6). There are ________ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine. 7). His ambition is to become a great ________ (physics). Ⅲ.重点词汇
1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的 [典例]
1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。
2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。 [练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China. 2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).
2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋) [典例]
1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。 2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁? [重点用法] lay短语： lay eggs 下蛋
lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）
lay the blame on sb.责备某人
lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the table 摆桌子
lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.
第 6 页 共 25 页
2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual responsibility.
3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.
3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人） [典例]
Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。 [重点用法]
be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害
do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.
2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth.
3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
_____________________________________________________________________
4. exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在 [典例]
1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?
2). I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。 [重点用法]
exist + prep. 存在于地方
exist on sth. 靠某物生存
[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。 1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia. 2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary? 3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.
第 7 页 共 25 页
5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的 [典例]
1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。 2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 [重点用法]
sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难
sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑
puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁 solve a puzzle 解决一个难题
[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories. 2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long. 3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.
4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began. 5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.
6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力 [典例]
1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。 2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。 [重点用法]
pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先（於某人/物）
pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
第 8 页 共 25 页
相关推荐：
loading