style(动词化表达法) in Chinese.
4.2.1 Conversion of Word Classes (转换词类)
A)转译成动词 Conversion from English n, prep, adj. adv. into Chinese Verbs (最主要的转换技巧）
1. 他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩.
He admires the president?s stated decision to fight for the job.
2. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
3. Some of my classmates are good singers.
4. The design calculations will serve as an illustrative application of the theory of semiconductor devices.
5. The real victory is not over one?s fellow members but over one?s own body. 真正的胜利不是打败自己的同伴，而是战胜自己的体能。
6. If a man couldn?t walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was against him, then he wasn?t much of a politician. 如果一个人不能在一上任就看出谁_______他，谁_____他，那么他就不配_______.
B) 转译成名词 Conversion from English v, adj, adv into Chinese n
1. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the train. 一位穿着考究、______________________均象美国人的男人上了火车。
2. Wrought-iron behaves differently from iron, which contains a lot of carbon. 熟铁______________不同于含碳量多的生铁。
3. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间关系_____________________就是以礼相待。
4. Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision. 当然，企业管理人员要想作出明智的决策，就必须_________________。
5. There seem to be no other competitive techniques which can measure range as well or as rapidly as a laser can.
就测距的___________________________，似乎还没有其他技术可与激光相比。
C) 转译成形容词 Conversion from English n, adv into Chinese adj
1. She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded office and into the privacy of the library. 她立即把他们领出拥挤的办公室，带到了__________________图书馆里。
2. The sun rose thinly from the sea. __________________太阳升出海面。
D)转译成副词 Conversion from English n, adj into Chinese adv
1. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. （只要一）发现有可能反对他的人，_____________________（他的）魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
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2. At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door. 最后，他___________________________，急步走向门口。 练习(词类转换法Conversion of Word Classes）
1. He showed with his eyes that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent. 他瞧了他一眼，表示听见了，但没有______________________。
2. The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the growth in population.
3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签订了两个协定，_____________使他们的关系热呼起来。
4. The landing is designed to cut the island in two. 登陆_____________是要把该半岛一切为二。
5. The letter I is commonly used for current, E for electromotive force, R for resistance. 通常用字母 I 表示电流，E 表示电动势，R 表示电阻。
6. Thanks to her boy friend?s rescue, she could return home safely. She hurried to her boy friend?s rescue. 幸亏男朋友的救援 vs. 去救男朋友
7. That government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. The American government is a rule of the people, by the people, for the boss. 民有、民治、民享的政府 vs. 美国政府是人民为着政党的领袖而统治人民的。
8. How do you introduce in Chinese a person who is——
1). a good sailor 2). a big eater
3). a great believer in… 4). the greatest sufferer
5). a good loser 6). a willing worker
7). a great joker 8). a light sleeper
9). a good thief 10). a bad liar
11). a good looker 12). the best hater
13). a rapid writer 14). a master complicator
15). a loner 16). a clock-watcher
4.2.2 Conversion of Sentence Members (转换句子成分)
The conversion of word classes often results in the conversion of sentence members. So long as we make Chinese translations smooth, we may try, by hook and crook, to convert words, phrases, sentence members and even sentence structures.
A) English Objects, Prepositional Objects and Predicatives Converted into Chinese Subjects (英语宾语、介词宾语和表语转作汉语主语） 1. The road has an ascent of five degrees.
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这条路__________为五度。
2. With the introduction of the new method, the products decreased in cost. 引进了新方法，产品的成本降低了。 3. Matter is anything that occupies space. 凡占有空间的都是物质。
B) English Subjects Converted into Chinese Attributes or Objects（英语主语转作汉语定语或宾语) 4. Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics. 各种材料的磁特性有很大的不同。 5. Hydrogen is found in many compounds. 许多化合物中都有氢。
6. As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。
C) English Attributes or Objects Converted into Chinese Predicates（英语定语或宾语转作汉语谓语） The English structure “Attributes + Objects” is often converted into the Chinese structure “Subject + Predicate” so as to make the Chinese version concise and idiomatic. This is one of the important techniques particularly true of the case where an English noun is modified by many attributes. 7. Its limited thickness and youthful age are other discoveries. 它____________________________，这是另外两大发现。
8. Problems arise because too much water or too little water occurs at a certain place at a certain time, and these problems are increasing in number and magnitude each year.
由于在一定地区和一定时间内出现_______________或______________的现象，水的种种问题就产生了，而这些问题还逐年增多，逐年严重。
9. Physical changes do not result in formation of new substances, nor do they involve a change in composition. 物理变化不_________新的物质，也不___________物质的成分。
D) English Adverbials Converted into Complements in Chinese（英语状语转作汉语补语） 10. The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small. 分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计。
11. The number of molecules in any object we can see is unimaginably large. 在我们所能看到的任何物体中，分子的数量都大得难以想象。
练习(转换句子成分)
12. Most earthquakes have a focus in the depth of 5 to 50 km, but some have been recorded at the depths up to 720 km.
13. Rubber is a better dielectric but a poorer insulator than air.
14. The development of scientific research in China is characterized by the integration of theory with practice.
15. There is a limit to the acceleration a human being can take without danger to health.
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16. An image is always the same distance behind a flat mirror as the object is in front; it is also of equal size.
17. The water rushing down the pipe and hitting the blades sets the wheel turning.
4.2.3 Conversion of Impersonal Subject（转换非人称主语）
Impersonal subjects are far more often found in English than in Chinese, hence the necessity of their conversion into personal or other subjects in Chinese.
A) Convert Impersonal Subjects into Personal or Other Subjects（把非人称主语转换为人称主语或其他主语）
1. When Della reached home her excitement gave way a little to prudence and reason.
2. Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line for lunch and later played an exhibition match.
星期五那天，________________一早就到安亚伯附近去参观拥有22000名学生的密歇根大学现代校园。他们和该校学生在校内自助餐厅一起排队取午餐，然后举行了一场表演赛。
B) Covert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Simple Sentences into Chinese Complex Sentences（转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句拆成汉语的复合句）
3. The development of an economical artificial heart is only a few transient failures away. _______再经过几次失败，__________研制出廉价的人工心脏了。
C) Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese Adverbials or Prepositional phrases（把非人称主语转换成汉语的状语或介词短语）
4. March 1940 found me working in a small construction firm. _______________，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。
5. The year 1959 saw the first appearance of a real flying ship in the world. ______________，世界上首次出现了一艘真正会飞的船。
D) Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Sentences, Simple or Complex, into Chinese Compound or Run-on Sentences（转换非人称主语，把英语的简单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水句）
6. The happiness—the superior advantages of the young woman round about her, gave Rebacca inexpressible pangs of envy. ( Vanity Fair)
E) Covert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese “Exta-position Elements” （把非人称主语转换成汉语的外位成分，汉语的主语用“这”来代称这个外位成分）
7. My two great isolating experiences have given me an almost mystical sense of identity with all suffering humanity.
我有过两次不同场合的重要经历，这使我产生了一种几乎带有神秘色彩的同情心而站在一切受苦人一边。
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