专题九 名词性从句
(一)语法讲练——过知识关
要点一 主语从句
主语从句中需要注意的2种情况
(1)主语从句在复合句中作主语，引导词主要有that，whether，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whatever，whoever等。如：
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 它是否对我们有害还有待证实。
(2)形式主语：有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。如：
It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。
[热点即训]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏卷改编)________ is known to us all is that Wang Meng got three gold medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.
[解析] 考查主语从句。what在主语从句中作is的主语。 [答案] What
2．(2017·北京卷改编)________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
[解析] 句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句，what引导名词性从句时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。
[答案] What
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ改编)It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
[解析] 此句为主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意完整，故用that引导。 [答案] that Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2016·北京卷改编)Your support is important to our work.That you can do
helps.____________
[解析] 句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。分析句子成分和句意可知，连接代词引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，表示“无论什么”，故用Whatever引导这个主语从句。
[答案] That→Whatever
2．(2016·江苏卷改编)It is often the case what anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.____________
[解析] 名词性从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，因此用that来引导。本句句意是：通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。
[答案] what→that 要点二 宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语。宾语从句的引导词有that，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whatever，whoever，whether等。
注意：(1)引导宾语从句的that常可省略，但当句中有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，第二个和以后几个从句中的that不可省略。
(2)在think，consider等后常用it作句子的形式宾语而把真正的宾语that从句放在句末。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
[解析] 考查宾语从句。根据句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。
[答案] who
2．(2018·天津卷改编)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
[解析] 考查宾语从句。根据句意：金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指人，同时根据句意可知，应用whoever“……的任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。
[答案] whoever
3．(2014·广东卷)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
[解析] 根据语境此处应用why引导宾语从句。
[答案] why Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people. ____________
[解析] 考查连词。be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事”为固定搭配，故that多余。 [答案] 去掉that
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.____________
[解析] 根据语境，此句是宾语从句，用that来引导，不用where。 [答案] where→that或去掉where 要点三 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语。表语从句的引导词有that(一般不可省略)，what，who，which，when，where，how，why，whether等。如：
My idea is that we should do it right away. 我的意见是马上就干。
另外，表语从句还可以用as if，as though，because等来引导。如： It is because he is too foolish. 那是因为他太蠢了。
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·北京卷改编)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
[解析] 考查表语从句。根据句意：这是我父亲教我的—总是面对困难，并抱最大的希望。根据语境可知，此处用what引导表语从句。句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的内容。
[答案] what
2．(2018·江苏卷改编)By boat is the only way to get there, which is ________ we arrived.
[解析] 考查表语从句。根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。
[答案] how
3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ改编)See the flag on the top of the building? That ________ we did this morning.
[解析] 根据句子结构，本句是表语从句，再根据后半句意思“我们今天早上所做的事
情”，所以应为what“……的事情”。
[答案] what
4．(2015·安徽卷改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.
[解析] 空格后的句子是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what。 [答案] what Ⅱ.单句改错
(2016·北京卷改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is what one can be entirely free from dust.____________
[解析] 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。分析句子结构可以看出，需要连接词引导表语从句，且连词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that引导这个从句，不用what。
[答案] what→that 要点四 同位语从句
同位语从句是指用于名词后对该名词的内容进行解释说明的从句。如：
The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her husband. 这位法官忽略了她刚失去丈夫这一事实。
英语中只有少数名词后可接同位语从句，常见的有belief，doubt，fact，feeling，hope，idea，message，news，opinion等。
另外，同位语从句的引导词也比较有限，主要由that引导，有时也可用when，how，where，whether，who等，但是不能用if引导。如：
You have no idea how worried I am! 你不知道我多着急！
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
[热点即训]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分完整，故用that。
[答案] that
2．(2014·重庆卷改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
[解析] 根据后面的“that's one of his favorite universities”可知这里指原因，故用why引导。
[答案] why Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The problem is more and more young people are getting into the habit of smoking.____________
[解析] 表语从句的that不能省略。 [答案] 在is后加that
2．At the meeting he raised a question if the project would be cancelled.____________
[解析] 同位语从句的“是否”用whether, 不能用if。 [答案] if→whether
3．What he needs are enough time and what I need are enough books.____________ [解析] what引导的主语从句，动词的数应该根据事实来判断。
[答案] are→is
(二)语法写作——过应用关
名词性从句在书面表达中的增分点 [增分技法]
1．掌握好引导词that的省略与不省略。 他的成功是因为他为比赛作了充分的准备。
His success lies in the fact that he was well prepared for the match. 2．what从句在写作中非常有用，叫不出名字的事物都可用这个句式来表达。 近几年，我们的学校发生了很大的变化，已不再是过去的样子了。
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in our school and it is no longer what it used to be.
3．用好whatever，however等引导的名词性从句和让步状语从句。 我们必须尽一切努力来保护我们的环境。
We must do whatever it takes to protect our environment. [巧用增分]
①我反对这个工程的原因是，它花费太多的钱，而这些钱应当用来提高当地人们的生活
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