主系表结构
一 . 何谓主系表结构:所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
1. 主语( Subject ):主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。例如:
Li Lei is a Chinese boy. ( Li Lei 是名词,作主语。) He is from England. ( He 是代词,作主语。)
Feeding the birds is my hobby. (“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语,作主语。) What she said is right. (“ What she said ”是从句,作主语。)
2. 系动词( Link verb ):系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词
有 be , feel , look , sound , taste , smell 等。例如:
This flower is beautiful. I felt very tired. You look worried. It tastes delicious.
3. 表语( Predicative ):表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)不定式短语等来充当。例如:
I am fine . ( fine 是形容词,作表语) He is a boy . ( boy 是名词,作表语)
Five plus two is seven . ( seven 是数词,作表语) We are here . ( here 是副词,作表语)
He is not at home . (“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语)
My hobby is reading . ( reading 是动名词,作表语) 二 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况 (一)否定形式:
1. 主语+ be ( is , am , are ) not +表语。 2. 主语+助动
( do/ does + not + feel/ smell/ look?? +表语。例如:
She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl. You look happy. → You don’t look happy. It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad. (二)一般疑问句形式:
1. Be ( Is / Am/ Are )+主语+表语? 2. 助动词( Do/ Does )+主语+动词原形+表语?例如:
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One? She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible? We look excited. → Do you look excited?
请按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子:
1. Lily is American. (改为一般疑问句) 2. I am from Sichuan. (改为否定句) 3. He looks puzzled. (改为一般疑问句)
4. They feel very excited. (改为否定句) 5. I am not feeling well. (改为肯定句)
6. The news sounds very bad. (改为一般疑问句) 7. We are all here. (改为一般疑问句)
8. The food tastes delicious. (改为一般疑问句) 9. Its name is Mimi. (改为否定句) 10. I feel well. (改为否定句)
系动词专项练习(01)
一)选择填空:(28分,28分钟)
1. My brother ____ a teacher. He ____ his pupils very much.
A. is, like B. is, likes
C. are, likes D. are, like
2. A: How many days ____ there in a week?
B: There ____ seven.
A. is, is B. are, are
C. is, are D. are, is
3. I ____ tired last night.
A. became B. felt
C. looked D. am
4. Her face ____ pale(苍白)when she heard the bad news.
A. got B. is C. turned D. was
5. You ____ pale. What's wrong with you?
A. turn B. seem C. look D. become
6. The boy ____ ill today.
A. are B. is
C. be D. am
7. Which ____ bigger, the sun or the moon?
A. are B. is
C. be D. ×
8. Neither she nor I ____ a doctor.
A. am not B. am
C. are D. is
9. I ____ a worker next year.
A. am B. will be
C. be D. will
10. Her voice ____ like my mother's.
A. sounds B. sound
C. looks D. look
11. It often rains and the crops ____ fast.
A. get B. turn
C. grow D. become
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