河 南 科 技 大 学
毕 业 设 计（论 文）
题目＿重型自卸汽车设计（转向系及前桥设计）
车辆与交通工程学院毕业设计说明书
重型自卸汽车设计（转向系及前桥设计）
摘 要
汽车的转向就是驾驶员按照自己的意志使行驶中的汽车行驶方向改变。使汽车行驶方向恢复或者改变的一套专用机构，即所谓的汽车转向系统。接下来我们来讨论重型自卸车转向系及前桥设计。
本次设计采用的是整体式转向机构，与非独立悬架相匹配。首先通过发动机型号选择相应车型，再查找转向系结构及计算公式的相关书籍，根据已选车型，找出相关的基本数据，运用机构运动、汽车设计的知识，对转向系进行参数设计，再选用相关的转向机构，对轴、齿轮等进行强度校核，最后用汽车专用软件CAD进行图纸设计。
由于这次是重型自卸，那么在转向时，就要有转向助力缸，帮助司机转弯。在参考往年的资料的基础上，先选用液压式的助力缸。前桥转向轮，一边靠转向直拉杆、转向节臂，另一边靠助力缸助力，把力平分到车轮上，这样液压助力缸可以做的小一点。
转向梯形就是由前桥、左右转向节臂、转向横拉杆组成的梯形。其作用就是保证转向时左右车轮按一定的比例转过一个角度。本次设计采用整体式转向梯形，参考往年毕业设计及同类汽车设计经验初选转向梯形的尺寸。用内轮最大实际偏转角减去外轮理想最大偏转角，得出的差值进行检验，检验是否符合计算要求，从而进行设计。
在吸收、参考各类重型汽车转向系，在此基础上略作改进。为重型自卸汽车转向系提供了一种思路。
关键词：转向系，转向梯形，转向器，转向助力缸
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车辆与交通工程学院毕业设计说明书
THE DESIGN OF HEAVY DUMP (THE DESIGN OF STEERING SYSTEM AND RRONT AXLE)
ABSTRACT
The steering of the car is the driver in accordance with their own will make the driving direction change. A set of special mechanisms that enable the vehicle to move in or out of a vehicle's steering system. Next, we discuss the design of the steering system and the front axle of heavy dump truck.
This design uses the integral steering mechanism, and the non independent suspension. First through the engine model to select the appropriate models, then find the books related to the steering system structure and calculation formula, according to the selected models, find out the related basic data, using the knowledge of mechanism motion, car design, design the parameters of the steering system, and the related to institutions, to check the strength of shaft, gear and so on. The final design drawings with the special software of automobile CAD.
This paper introduces the application of the recirculating ball rack and pinion steering device in the design of the steering gear. Recirculating ball type steering gear rack with two level gear transmission pair in the first stage, in order to reduce the friction between the steering and steering screw nut, the rolling friction; in the second stage transmission pair, to adjust the meshing clearance and the gear rack. Wherein, the steering nut follower is a first stage transmission pair, and the driving part is in the second stage transmission pair.
The steering trapezium is composed of front axle, left and right steering knuckle arm and steering tie rod. Its role is to ensure that the steering wheel left and right wheels in a certain proportion of an angle. The design of the whole steering ladder, reference to previous years of graduation design and similar car design experience of the size of the steering trapezium. The maximum deflection angle of the inner wheel is subtracted from the maximum deflection angle of the outer wheel, and the difference is tested.
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车辆与交通工程学院毕业设计说明书
In the absorption and reference of all kinds of heavy vehicle steering system, on the basis of improvement. This paper provides an idea for heavy duty truck steering system.
KEY WORDS: steering system ,steering trapezium, steering gear, steering booster cylinder
目 录
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