被动语态
一、被动语态中人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。其各种时态的变化如下：（以动词do为例）
1. English is spoken by lots of people in the world.世界上的许多人都说英语。 2. He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
3. A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
4. I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 5. The machine was being built at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 6. The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
7. The book has been read many times by children. 这本书被孩子们读了几遍了。
8. She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 总结：
一般现在时的被动：______________ 一般过去时的被动：______________ 一般将来时的被动：______________ 过去将来时的被动：______________ 现在进行时的被动：______________ 过去进行时的被动：______________ 现在完成时的被动：______________ 过去完成时的被动：______________ 二、get done也能表示被动。
Three people got (=were) injured in the accident. _______________________________ 三、表示―据说‖―据信‖等，经常以被动语态 ―It is said/believed/reported that ...‖来表示。 据说他出国了。______________________________________________ 四、注意下列情况： (1）一些动词如surprise, puzzle, astonish, bore, shock, tire, delight等的过去分词形式不表示被动，而表示某种情绪。
Alice read the letter with a puzzled expression on her face. _______________________________________________
Are you interested in music? ___________________________________
(2）某些动词词组如：take place, break out, belong to, come up, run out等不使用被动语态。 A fire broke out in the next room. ____________________________________ The cup doesn’t belong to you. ____________________________________ The question came up at the meeting. ____________________________________ Our money will soon run out. ____________________________________ (3) write, read, sell, wash等与well, badly, easily等副词连用时，不用被动语态。 The clothes wash easily. ____________________________________ The book reads well. ____________________________________ The pen writes smoothly. ____________________________________
(4）连系动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等后常接形容词作表语, 不用被动语态。 The silk feels very soft. ____________________________________ The milk tasted sour. ____________________________________
(5) 主语 + be + adj. + to do, 形容词多为难易程度的，主动表示被动。 The air is hard to breathe. _________________________.
The problem is hard to work out. ______________________________________
(6) be worth doing表示―值得做……‖时，其后的动名词用主动形式表达被动意义。 这个博物馆很值得再次参观。_______________________________________________
练习题
1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 2. — Do you like the material? —Yes, it _____ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 3. —What do you think of the book? —Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
4. The church tower which _____will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored
5. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 6. This coastal area _____a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names
7.You’ve failed to do what you _____to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you． A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected 8. It is reported that many a new house _____at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built 9. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
10. Rainforests _____ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 11. The new suspension bridge _____ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed 12. Great changes _____ in the city, and a lot of factories _____.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 13. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.
A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 14. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it seriously. A．damaged B．was being damaged C．had damaged D．had been damaged 15. —Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? —Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now.
A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading 16. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 17. –What’s that noise?
–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.
A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 18．Would you please keep silent? The weather report _________. I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 19. —Why don’t we choose that road to save time? Ks5u —The bridge to it __________.
A. has repaired B. is repaired KsC. is being repaired D. will be repaired 20. The flowers __sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
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