Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
一、常见短语
through的常见短语
carry through 勇闯难关 战胜病魔 see through 看透 识破
look through 快速查看 浏览
put through 完成 给…接通（电话） get through 通过（考试等）（用电话）接通 用完 完成
come的常见短语
come across （偶然）遇见 碰见 come off it 别胡扯 别胡说 住口 come out 出版 出现 开花 come about 发生 come over 短暂造访
come on 赶快 发展 开始
“in + n”形式的常见短语 in despair 绝望地
in general 总的来说 通常 in brief/short 简而言之 in common 共同 共有 in particular 尤其 特别 in private 私下地
in vain 白费地 徒劳无益地 in public 公开地 当众
“in + n + of”形式的常见短语 in memory of 为了纪念... 追念 in honour of 为了纪念 in celebration of 为了庆祝 in favour of 支持
in terms of 就…而言 在…方面 in praise of 赞扬
in charge of 负责/掌管… in need of 需要 in place of 代替
charge的常见短语 charge的常见短语 in charge of 负责/掌管 free of charge 免费 in the charge of 由…负责/掌管 charge for 对…收费 take charge of 负责/掌管 charge sb with (doing) sth 因（做）某事控告某人
二、常见句型与表达
1. would rather表示“宁愿”，其常见用法为： ① would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事 I would rather not take a trip with him. 我宁愿不和他一起去旅行。
② would do sth than do sth 宁愿做某事也不愿做某事
（= would do sth rather than do sth = prefer to do sth rather than do sth） I would rather go out for a walk than stay at home. I would go out for a walk rather than stay at home. I prefer to go out for a walk rather than stay at home. 我宁愿出去散步也不愿待在家里。
③ would rather后跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即：
would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事（用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事） would rather sh. had done sth.宁愿某人做过某事（用过去完成时表示过去的动作） —Do you mind if I smoke? 你介意我抽烟吗? Well, I’d rather you didn’t. 嗯，最好别抽。 I’d rather that you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
I’d rather that you had come yesterday. 我宁愿你昨天就来了。
④ would rather have done sth/not have done sth.宁愿做了/没做某事 I would rather not have seen her last night. 我宁愿昨天晚上没有见到她。
2. carry sb through sth 帮助或使得某人勇闯难关、战胜病魔等。
John hasn’t done well in his studies, but his tutor did his best to carry him through. John学习成绩不好，但他的导师尽了最大的努力帮他过关。
My confidence, together with the skills you taught me, carried me through the exams. 我的信心，加上你教给我的技巧，帮助我通过了考试。 3. “感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构 ① 在“感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，常见的感官动词（词组）有：see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at等。
② 在“感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语的形式如下（以see为例）：
doing sth 看见…正在做…
宾语与宾语补足语为逻辑上的主动关系
do sth 看见…做了… see + 宾语 being done 看见…正在被做 宾语与宾语补足语为逻辑上的被动关系
done 看见…被做
When I entered the room, I saw him surfing the Internet. 当我走进房间时看到他正在上网。（surfing表主动和动作正在进行） When I got home I saw the window broken.
我到家时，看到窗户被打破了（broken表示被动和动作已经完成） They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. 他们很了解她，他们是看着她长大成人的。
注：该结构中的do为不带to的不定式，表示主动的动作，且指动作发生的全过程；在被动语态中，不带to的宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，要还原不定式符号to。 She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committee. 有人看见她大约在案发时间进入了大楼。
4. do whatever sb. can to do sth. 尽力做某事，其他表达法还有：
do what sb can to do sth do all (that) sb can to do sth
do everything (that) sb can to do sth
We will do whatever we can to carry you through. 我们将尽一切所能帮你渡过难关。
We’ll do what we can to stop prices going up still further. 我们将尽可能阻止物价继续上涨。
5.“逻辑主语（名词/代词）+ 动词-ing”的独立主格结构
“逻辑主语（名词/代词）+ 动词-ing”构成的独立主格结构，表示主动或动作正在进行，逻
辑主语与do之间为主动关系。从语法上讲不是句子。此结构通常在句中起方式、时间、条件、原因或伴随等状语的作用。独立主格结构一般位于句首，有时也位于句尾；表示伴随状况时，常位于句尾。使用独立主格结构时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。 Time permitting, we are going to play football tomorrow. 时间允许的话,我们明天去踢足球。
She watered the flowers, her husband feeding the birds. 她浇花，她的丈夫喂鸟。
The film (being) over, they went for a meal in a Chinese restaurant. 看完电影后，他们去一家中国餐馆用餐。
He came into the room, his nose (being) red with cold. 他进了房间，鼻子冻得通红。
注：独立主格结构有时可以和with的复合结构互换。
so many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. （独立主格结构）
With so many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. （with的复合结构） 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
6. “neither...nor...”结构，意为“既不…也不…；…和…都不…”。
① 若neither...nor...连接两个并列成分做主语，其谓语动词通常与最靠近它的主语保持一致，即谓语动词遵循“就近一致”的原则。 Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film. Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film. 吉姆和他的父母都没有看过这部电影。 nor..接两个并列分句,
② 如果neither...nor... 连接两个并列分句，且neither和nor位于句首，则两个分句都必须用部分倒装，意为“既不…也不…”。单个单词neither或者nor后面接部分倒装结构时，意为“…也不…”。
Neither did I go to watch the football match, nor did I care about its result. 我既没有去看那场足球赛，也不关心它的结果。
They didn’t go to the park yesterday, and neither/nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。 7. if型省略结构
在if引导的条件状语从句中，有时可以省略从句中的主语和谓语动词，在这类省略结构中有的已构成固定结构，常见的这类结构有： ① if+not/so
if not不然，要不；if so如果这样的话，如果那样的话 Do you have an umbrella? If not, I’ll lend you mine. 你带伞了吗?如果没有，我把我的借给你。 Is it raining? If so, let’s go there tomorrow.
在下雨吗?如果是这样，我们明天再去那儿吧。 ② if+形容词
if necessary如果有必要的话；if possible如果可能的话 If possible, try to go to bed early every day. 如果可能的话，尝试每天都早点上床睡觉。 If necessary, I’ll go there myself.
如果有必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。
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