Unit 6 Design
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
[学生用书P258(单独成册)] Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
(2019·福州质检)Look at a map of Spain and point at the center. You’ll locate the country’s capital and one of Europe’s most beautiful cities: Madrid. This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic sites, resting in the shadows of modern skyscrapers.
History
This city of over 3 million people is proud of Western Europe’s largest royal palace, and some consider it to be Madrid’s most beautiful building.
Inside the Royal Palace 2，800 rooms are decorated in glory with museum-quality furniture and artwork. Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.
Art
The internationally respected Prado Museum is the largest and most impressive art gallery in Spain. Founded in 1819, it is filled with works of art that feature the world’s most comprehensive collection of Spanish paintings.
Shopping
Madrid has some of Europe’s best shopping malls, and potential buyers love to look through the stores looking for bargains. But for 500 years, shoppers have gathered to an extremely large outdoor flea market known as El Rastro where they find everything from antiques to CDs.
Entertainment
No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain’s famous art form, flamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike.
Food
Madrid has a wide variety of restaurants, but because the Spanish typically eat
late at about 9 or 10 p．m., it’s difficult to find good dinner food earlier. If you get hungry before then, the best solution is to try a tapas bar where light snacks are served. Be sure to try the jamon, dry-cured ham—Spain is famous for it.
Time for a break
After a day of touring, relax in 350-acre Retiro Park with its beautiful gardens, fish pond and lake. It is the perfect place to reflect on all you’ve enjoyed in this impressive Spanish city.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙首都马德里。 1．What do we know about the Royal Palace? A．It has 50 rooms for visit. B．It can hold 2，800 people.
C．It’s been visited by 3 million people. D．It is thought to be the largest in Europe.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据History部分中的“Tourists can tour 50 of these large and splendid rooms.”可知，游客可以游览这些宏大而辉煌的房间中的50间，故答案为A选项。
2．What kind of market is “El Rastro”？ A．For discount. B．For artworks.
C．To sell various goods. D．To sell antiques and CDs.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据Shopping部分中的第二句可知，在El Rastro这个户外的跳蚤市场上，购物者可以找到古董到CD之类的所有的东西，C选项中的“sell various goods”和文中的“find everything from antiques to CDs”相对应，故答案为C选项。
3．What is a must when people are travelling in Madrid? A．Enjoying flamenco. B．Having dinner earlier. C．Relaxing in Retiro Park. D．Drinking in a tapas bar.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据Entertainment部分中的“No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain’s famous art form, flamenco.”可知，到马德里没有看西班牙的著名艺术形式flamenco的表演，旅行是不完整的，因此答案为A选项。
B
(2019·洛阳、许昌高三第一次质检)Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced
that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self－discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self－discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
4．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood? A．Wildlife. B．Music. C．Languages.
D．Literature.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。
5．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly? A．He didn’t live with them for long. B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature. D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a
strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
6．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable. B．Being self－disciplined. C．Being full of ambition. D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
7．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist? A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist. B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic. C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way. D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。
C
(2019·湖南高三六校联考)If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then we’re both better off as a result—so goes the principle of reciprocity. As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or expelling diplomats. But do animals also help those who help them? The answer may be yes. A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.
In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh(铁丝网)．
They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side. On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.
In the following trials the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.
Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana. On the basis that the banana－providing rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(阶段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for banana－offering rats than for carrot－offering rats. This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewards—it seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.
Dolivo and Taborsky’s experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them. It is apparent that we shouldn’t undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。
8．What does the underlined word “reciprocity” probably refer to? A．The act of being kind to other people. B．A cooperative exchange of favors. C．A positive attitude to everything. D．The quality of being generous.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then we’re both better off as a result”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两个人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”，故B项正确。
9．What would happen if a rat pulled the stick? A．It would find some food in its own cage. B．Other rats would be able to enter its cage. C．Another rat in another cage would get food. D．It would be able to enter a neighboring cage.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。
10．Which got more benefit from the focal rat? A．The rats that preferred carrot pieces. B．The rats that preferred banana pieces. C．The rats that had provided carrot pieces.
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