（９）Exceptionally, in the event of changes in a Member’s trade policies or practices that may
have a significant impact on its trading partners, the Member concerned may be requested by the TPRB, after consultation, to bring _______ its next review.
（10）We need to encourage this activity and keep up the________. The Regional Reviews came
up with clear recommendations for taking this initiative to the ―next level‖, and I would like to suggest how we can follow up in a concrete way.
（１）Training courses are also organized in Geneva for officials from countries in transition from
central planning to market economies.
（２）There were additions in the form of a section on development added in the 1960s and
―plurilateral‖ agreements (i.e. with voluntary membership) in the 1970s, and efforts to reduce tariffs further continued.
（３）National treatment only applies once a product, service or item of intellectual property has
entered the market. Therefore, charging customs duty on an import is not a violation of national treatment even if locally-produced products are not charged an equivalent tax. （４）China is the largest developing country in the world; without the China’s participation, the
WTO will be incomplete and will be unable to express the universality and fairness of the multilateral trading system.
（５）GATS says government must publish all relevant laws and regulations, and set up enquiry
points within their bureaucracies. （６）The purpose is to ensure that adequate standards of protection exist in all member countries. （７）In consultation with the Member or Members under review, the Chairman may choose
discussants who, acting in their personal capacity, shall introduce the discussions in the TPRB.
（８）By raising awareness about Aid for Trade—and shining a spotlight on a challenge —we
created incentives for the key actors to start talking, planning, cooperating and mobilizing —without trying to prescribe solutions from the top down.
（９）Price charge affected the normal merchandise trade growth rates of countries and whole
regions. The annual average prices for fuels and metals rose sharply, benefiting the export earnings of fuels and metal exporters.
（10）This is a concern of a number of developing countries, which are worried that certain hazardous or toxic products are being exported to their markets without them being fully informed about the environmental or public health dangers the products may pose. Developing countries want to be fully informed so as to be in a position to decide whether or not to import them.
１）The WTO set up reference centers in over 100 trade ministers and regional organizations in
capitals of developing and least-developed countries, providing computers and internet access to enable ministry officials to keep abreast of events in the WTO in Geneva through online access to the WTO’s immense database of official documents and other materials. （２）Much of this was achieved through a series of multilateral negotiations known as ―trade
rounds‖—the biggest leaps forward in international trade liberalization have come through these rounds which were held under GATT’s auspices.
（３）In general, MFN means that every time a country lowers a trade barrier or opens up a
market, it has to do so for the same goods or services form all its trading partners—whether
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rich or poor, weak or strong.
（４）After entry into the WTO, China’s economic system will more conform to the common
international rules and will greatly help improve China’s industrial and investment environment. In the meantime, China’s huge market potential will be gradually transformed into real purchasing power, thereby providing a formidable market and business opportunity for various countries and regions around the world, this will definitely enable China to make new contributions to all mankind.
（５）GATS’ approach to making commitments means that members are not obliged to do so on
the whole universe of services sectors.
（６）Authors of computer programs and producers of sound recordings must have the right to
prohibit the commercial rental of their works to the public.
（７）The TPRB shall undertake an appraisal of the operation of the TPRM not more than five
years after the entry into force of the Agreement Establishing the WTO. The results of the appraisal will be presented to the Ministerial Conference.
（８）If after 20 days, no satisfactory compensation is agreed, the complaining side may ask the
Dispute Settlement Body for permission to impose limited trade sanctions (―suspend concessions or obligations‖) against the other side.
（９）Least-developed countries’ exports rose sharply in 2006 due to much larger values of fuels
exports and stronger exports of other primary products and manufactured goods.
（10）Discussions in the Trade and Environment Committee on these two issues have broken new
ground since there was very little understanding of how the rules of the trading system might affect or be affected by environmental policies in these areas. １）知识产权的保护和实施应有助于促进技术革新及技术转让和传播，有助于技术知识的创
造者和使用者的相互利益，并有助于社会和经济福利及权利与义务的平衡。 （２）四分之三以上的世贸组织成员国都是发展中国家和向市场经济转型国家。在乌拉圭回
合谈判的七年半时间里，有超过60个这种类型的国家自主的实施了贸易自由化。 （３）虽然部长们本打算发起新一轮谈判，但会议在农业问题上不能达成一致，被普遍看作
一次失败。
（４）服务贸易理事会应对其所授权的超过五年期的豁免进行审议。
（５）专利所有权人还有权利或以继承方式转移其他专利并订立许可合同。
（６）在紧急案件中，包括有关易腐货物的案件，争端各方、专家组及上述机构应尽一切努
力，最大可能加快诉讼程序。
（７）综述将以总干事的年度报告为辅助，该报告列出WTO的主要活动，并指出影响贸易
体制的重大政策问题。 （８）国际劳工组织日前一项有关工作趋势的报告显示，四分之一以上的英国人一周工作时
间超过48小时。
（９）为了阐明GATT条款，成员们提出了解释的谅解。该谅解解释了某些问题，但仍没
有提供基本要求的实质性阐明或解释。
（10）如果多余的部分将要呗销往世界市场，而世界市场上价格便宜，那么出口补贴就是必
须的。因此，这些对产品实行出口补贴的国家，就可以制造和出口多于正常需求量的产品。
１）各成员应特别考虑向最不发达国际提供机会，以鼓励外国电信服务提供者在技术转让、
培训和其他活动方面提供帮助，支持发展其电信基础设施，扩大其电信服务贸易。
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（２）但该《协定》的确给了他们一个过渡时期去适应更陌生的、也许是更艰难的世界贸易
组织规定——特别是为那些最穷的、“最不发达”国家。 （３）原本在乌拉圭回合谈判协定中所列的议程有了增加和修改。
（４）服务包括任何部门的政府任何服务，但是在行驶政府职权时提供的服务除外。 （５）有关知识产权的实施程序应公平和公正。
（６）专家组成员应以其个人身份任职，既不作为政府代表，也不作为任何组织的代表。 （７）各方理解，对于包括一个以上的成员、拥有共同对外政策的实体的审议，应涵盖其影
响贸易的政策的所有部分，包括各成员的有关政策和做法。
（８）国际劳工组织提出，缩短工作时间有意于人们的健康和家庭生活，可以减少工作场所
的事故发生率，总体来说能够提高员工的工作效率。
（９）区域贸易协定数量上的增长开始给新成立的世贸组织造成行政上的瓶颈。 （10）《农业协议》的目标是重建农业板块的贸易结构，并且制定更加以市场为导向的政策。
（１）How are the WTO agreements produced?
（２）What does the example of the North American Free Trade Agreement show? （３）What measures can be used to counter the dumping by the importing country? （４）What’s significance of China’s accession to the WTO?
（５）Once a government has made a commitment to open a service sector to foreign
competition ,it must not normally restrict money being transferred out of the country as payment for services supplied in the sector. Do you know under what circumstance can an exception be possible?
）What is WTO’s overriding objective? How does it do this?
（２）What’s the relationship between the ITO, the GATT, the WTO?
（３）What are the preferential measures encouraged to be used by a ministerial decision to help
the least developed countries?
（４）Why China’s accession was considered as a defining moment in the history of the
multilateral trading system by Mike Moore?
（５）What does DSB refer to? And what is the function of it?
Key to some exercises 1 agreements 2 equivalent 3 integration 4 Ministerial
5 Least-developed 6 withdrawal 7 exemptions 8 comparable 9 evaluation 10 incentive
1 Dispute Settlement Understanding（DSU） 2 liberalization
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3 subsidies 4 rules-based 5 likelihood 6 negligible 7 bound 8 specifies 9 forward 10 momentum
1 同样，在日内瓦，有给来自从计划经济向市场经济转轨国家官员的培训课程。 2 在20世纪60年代有以关于发展部分的形式的补充和在20世纪70年代的“诸边协议”（即自愿参加），进一步降低关税的努力在继续。
3 国民待遇只适用于已经进入市场的某一产品，服务或知识产权项目。因此，征收进口关税并不违反国民待遇，即使是本地生产的产品没有被征收等量的税款。
4中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，没有中国的参加，世贸组织是不完整的，不能体现多边贸易体制的普遍性和公正性。
5服务贸易总协定要求各成员政府必须公布所有相关法律和法规，并要在其政府机构内设立咨询处。
6目的是确保所有的成员国都有足够的保护标准。
7主席在与接受审议的一个或多个成员磋商后，可选出讨论人，讨论人以个人身份行事，负责引导在TPRB中进行的讨论。
8 通过提高对贸易援助的意识——重视贸易援助中的挑战——我们为关键成员开始商谈和计划贸易援助，与其他成员合作和动员其他成员参与贸易援助创造激励——而不是试图自上而下的制定措施。
9 价格变化影响了各国国内以及整个地区的表面上的商品贸易增长速率。燃料和金属的年平均价格急剧上涨速，这使得各燃料及金属出口商的出口收益得到了提升。
10 这是许多发展中国家的担忧，他们担心某些危险的或者有毒的产品正被出口到他们的市场，却没有让他们清楚知悉产品所造成的对于环境或公共健康的威胁。发展中国家想要清 楚知悉这些情况，这样他们可以处在决定是否进口那些产品
1 WTO 在超过 100 个发展中国家和最不发达国家首都的贸易部和区域组织里，建立了信息查询服务中心，为部级官员提供电脑和网络，使他们能够通过互联网看到含有官方文件和其他资料的巨大数据库，以了解日内瓦 WTO 时事的最新动态。 2 这在很大程度上是通过一系列的多边贸易谈判，被称为\贸易回合\来说实现的 ---国际贸易自由化最大的飞跃是通过关贸总协定的主持下的这些回合实现的。 3 一般来说，最惠国待遇是指每次一国降低贸易壁垒或打开了一个市场，就必须同等对待来自其所有贸易伙伴的同一商品或服务，无论其伙伴富或穷，弱或强。 4 加入世贸组织后，中国的经济体制将更加符合通行的国际规则，大大改善中国的产业和投资环境。与此同时，中国巨大的市场潜力会逐步转化为现实的购买力，从而为世界各国各地区提供一个庞大的市场和商机，这必将使中国对全人类作出新的贡献。 5 服务贸易总协定规定的承诺方式意味着成员方不必对整个服务部门做出承诺。 6 电脑程序编作者和录音制作者必须有权禁止对其作品进行公开商业出租。
7 TPRB应在《WTO协定》生效后5年内对TPRM的运用情况进行一次评审。评审结果将提交部长级会议。
8 经二十天仍未达成满意的补偿合意的，申诉方可以请求争端解决机构准许其对相对方采取
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