D. Free from stress. 5. How is running different than walking? A. Running is harder on the legs. B. Running is better for weight loss. C. Running is good for a person's heart. D. Running is a cause for improved thinking. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.
Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as \(脚气病), which used to affect large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of the 20th century, a Dutch scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was transmitted (传送) by a germ (细菌). He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on rice which had had the external husk (壳) removed from the grain, called \rice.\digest.
Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on scraps (碎片) from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who ruled that the huskless polished rice was too good for chickens. The chickens should be fed cheap rice with the external covering still on the grain, called \
Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating brown rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri—even that a lack of some ingredient in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as Vitamin B. The white rice, though more expensive, was keeping alive the disease the hospital was trying to cure.
6. From the context, what do you think the author mentions in
the paragraph that is just before this first paragraph? A. One example of the importance of vitamins. B. One example of the benefits of eating healthy foods. C. One example of the dangers of a restricted diet.
D. One example of the benefits of various vitamins. 7. The disease \ A. kills large numbers of Western peoples B. is a vitamin deficiency disease C. is transmitted by diseased rice D. can be caught from diseased chickens 8. The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard ________. A. couldn't digest the huskless rice B. proved beri-beri is transmitted by germs C. were later cooked for the patients' food D. were suffering from vitamin deficiency 9. Huskless, white rice ________. A. was cheaper than brown rice B. was less beneficial to the body than brown rice C. was more beneficial to the body than brown rice D. cured beri-beri 10. The ingredient missing from white rice ________. A. was Vitamin B B. did not affect the chickens C. was named the Eijkman vitamin D. has never been accurately identified Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage or dialog.
A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main objection to vegetarianism (素食主义) on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein—the body-building element in food. If you have ever been without meat or other animal foods for some days or weeks (say, for religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get rather weak physically. You are glad when the fast (禁食) is over and you get your reward of a delicious meat meal.
Proteins are built up from about twenty food elements called \acids\(氨基酸), which are found in greater amounts in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a
great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get enough of these amino acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological (生理学的) point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams (克) of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day.
11. A strict vegetarian ________.
A. rarely eats animal products B. sometimes eats eggs
C. never eats any animal products D. never eats protein
12. We feel weak when we go without meat and other animal
products _____.
A. because we are reducing our food amount B. because we do not get enough protein C. because vegetables do not contain protein D. unless we take plenty of exercise
13. Proteins are built up from ________.
A. about twenty different foods B. about twenty different vegetables C. various fats and sugars
D. about twenty different amino acids
14. Physiologically, life-long vegetarianism may not be good
because ______.
A. it makes people very thin
B. the body must process too much waste C. the farmer loses money
D. vitamin-deficiency diseases may result
15. One thing in favour of vegetarianism is that ________. A. vegetable food is easier to digest B. animal food is less expensive C. vegetable food is cheaper D. vegetable food contains more amino acids Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.
Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources. A lacto-vegetarian (part milk, part vegetable) diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed.
Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable animal protein and next come milk, fish and eggs.
Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble (溶解于水的) Vitamin C, should not be lost through over-cooking.
With fruit, vitamin loss is too small to be important, because the cooking water is normally eaten along with the fruit, and natural chemicals in the fruit help to hold in the vitamin C.
Most nutrition (营养) experts today would recommend a balanced diet containing elements of all foods, largely because of our need for sufficient vitamins. Vitamins were first called \when they were discovered in 1906. Most foods contain these other substances necessary for health, in addition to carbohydrates (碳水化合物), fats, minerals and water. The most common deficiency in Western diets today is lack of vitamins. The answer is variety in food. A well-balanced diet, having sufficient amounts of milk, fruit, vegetables, eggs, and meat, fish or chicken (i.e. any good protein source), usually provides the minimum daily requirement of all the vitamins.
16. Vegetarianism is not suitable for growing children because they
________.
A. need more protein than vegetables can supply B. cannot digest vegetables C. use more energy than adults
D. cannot easily digest milk and milk products
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