我国对外技术贸易存在的问题与对策4

摘要

我国对外技术贸易存在的问题与对策

专 业： 国际经济与贸易(国际贸易方向) 学 号： 5400107366

学生姓名： 平原 指导教师： 曾荣平

摘要

中国加入WTO以后，尤其是近几年来，加大了对技术贸易的政策支持与经济投入，对外技术贸易发展迅速。不仅如此，我国对外技术贸易还呈现一些新的发展趋势：增长速度加快、规模扩大；方式和结构发生变化，质量和效益进一步提高。但是，我国的对外技术贸易在发展中也存在着各种各样的问题。如何解决这一系列问题，让对外技术贸易发展对经济增长的拉动作用更加顺畅的发挥作用，让中国在日趋激烈的国际竞争中立足？这是本文着重研究的问题。

本文旨在通过对世界及中国高新技术贸易现状的分析，发现当前贸易中存在的一些问题，并且借鉴发达国家在国际技术贸易发展中的先进经验，从而为我国相关方面的发展提出一些合理的对策。 关键词：对外技术贸易；问题；对策

I

Abstract

The problems and countermeasures of China's

international technology trade

Abstract

China has strengthened its technical trade support by preferred policies and economic investment after its accession into WTO， China has experienced rapid development of international technology trade. Moreover, some new trends of China's international technology trade has emerged: increasing growth speed， enlarging scale, mode and structural change, further improvement of the quality and efficiency. However, China's international technology trade also has many kinds of problems. How to solve the problems so as to establish international technology trade’s role in boosting economic growth more smoothly，and let China sets foot in the fierce international competition? This is the problem we studied emphatically.

This thesis aims to find the problems and relevant rational countermeasures of China’s hi-tech trade through the analysis of the current situation and the valued experience of developed economies.

Keywords: international technology trade; problems; countermeasures

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目录

目录

摘要 ·························································································································· Ⅰ Abstract ···················································································································· Ⅱ 第一章 我国对外技术贸易的现状与特点 ····························································· 1 1. 1 我国对外技术贸易的现状 ··········································································· 1 1. 2 我国对外技术贸易的特点 ··········································································· 5 第二章 我国对外技术贸易存在的问题及其影响 ················································· 9 2. 1 我国对外技术贸易存在的问题 ··································································· 9 2. 2 我国对外技术贸易存在问题造成的影响 ·················································· 13 第三章 我国对外技术贸易发展的对策思路及建议 ············································ 16 3. 1 我国对外技术贸易发展的对策思路 ·························································· 16 3. 2 我国对外技术贸易发展的对策建议 ·························································· 17 第四章 我国对外技术贸易发展战略 ···································································· 19 4. 1 我国对外技术贸易的知识产权发展战略 ·················································· 19 4. 2 我国对外技术贸易的专利技术发展战略 ·················································· 21 结论 ·························································································································· 24 参考文献（References） ························································································ 25 致谢 ·························································································································· 26

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第一章 我国对外技术贸易的现状与特点

第一章 我国对外技术贸易的现状与特点

目前对外技术贸易比重的大小已成为衡量一个国家经济实力和国际竞争力强弱的重要标志。本章从我国目前对外技术贸易的现状与特点着手，分析了我国对外技术贸易面临的形势以及发展前景。

1 .1 我国对外技术贸易的现状

⑴我国对外技术贸易的产生和发展

早在20世纪50年代，我国就开展了对外技术贸易活动，当时主要是技术引进。从1950年到1998年，我国以技术许可、顾问咨询、技术服务、合作生产和成套设备或关键设备等方式共进口技术28674项，合同总金额1174.5l亿美元。我国以贸易方式出口技术和成套设备始于20世纪80年代初，进入20世纪90年代后，技术出口有了较大的发展。自1981年到1998年，我国以技术许可、技术服务和成套设备等方式共签订出口合同9198项，合同总金额2822亿美元。其中“十五”期间，签订技术引进合同3.5万项，合同金额近730亿美元，占改革开放以来引进技术总额的36％。技术引进为提高产业技术水平，增强企业创新能力，促进经济社会发展发挥了重要作用。中国的技术出口起步于1980年，目前中国已拥有大量成熟的技术，其中不少达到世界先进水平。鼓励成熟的产业化技术出口，不仅可以进一步促进技术开发，还可以通过转让技术带动中国生产线、成套设备的出口，扩大出口规模。

进入21世纪以后，我国对外技术贸易继续迅猛发展。2010年我国共签订技术引进合同22372份，比2009年增长20.2％，合同总金额221.78亿美元，比2009年增长77.57％。其中技术费145.49亿美元，占合同总金额的65.6％，比上年提高了26个百分点。高技术产品进出口总额12982.62亿美元，比去年同期增长24.76％，占全国外贸进出口总额的22.47％。2011年，我国共登记技术进口合同18141份，同比增长15.80％，合同金额296.87亿美元，同比下降20.48％，主要原因是2010年某外资企业签订了金额达四十多亿美元的许可证协议。如果排除该合同的影响，合同金额同比增长14.08％。其中技术费147.5亿美元，占合同总金额的49.69％，比去年同期下降12个百分点。高新技术产品进出口总额4460.8亿美元。比去年同期增长31.97％，高出全国外贸进出口增幅11.2个百分点，占全国外贸进出口总额的25.9％。

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