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-ist -ive -logist -or -ster -yer 后缀 -acy -age -al -ance, -ence -ancy, -ency -bility -craft -cracy -cy -dom -ery, -ry -ety -faction, -facture -hood -ice -ine -ing -ion, -sion, -ation, -ition -ise -ism -ity -ment -mony -ness -or, -our -osity -ship 从事……研究者，信仰……主义者 动作者，行动者 ……学家，研究者 ……者 做……事情的人 从事……职业者 含义 性质、状态、境遇 pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist native, captive biologist, geologist author, doctor, operator youngerster, gamester, songster lawyer 举例 accuracy, diplomacy (2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义 状态、行为、身份及结果、courage, storage, marriage 总称 事物的动作、过程 表示具体的事物 refusal, arrival, survival, denial manual, signal, editorial, journal 性质、状态、行为、过程、endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience 总量、程度 性质、状态、行为、过程 动作、性质、状态 工艺、技巧 统治、支配 性质、状态、职位、级别 等级、领域、状态 行为、状态、习性 性质、状态 作成，……化、作用 资格、身份、年纪、状态 行为、性质、状态 带有抽象概念 动作的过程，结果 -tion, 行为的过程、结果、状况 性质、状态 frequency, urgency, efficiency possibility, feasibility woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft bureaucracy, democracy bankruptcy, supremacy freedom, kingdom, wisdom bravery, bribery, rivalry variety, dubiety satisfaction, manufacture childhood, falsehood notice, justice, service medicine, discipline, famine building, writing, learning action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction exercise, merchandise 制度、主义、学说、信仰、socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 行为 性质、状态、程度 行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果 动作的结果、状态 性质、状态、程度 动作、性质、状态 动作、状态 情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业 purity, reality, ability, calamity treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument ceremony, testimony goodness, kindness, tiredness favor, error curiosity hardship, membership, friendship 1111111111
-th -tude -ure -y 后缀 -age -ary -ery, -ry -ory 后缀 -grapy -ic, -ics -ology -nomy -ery -y 后缀 -age -dom -hood -ry -ure 后缀 -ant, -ent -al -ar -er -ery -ing -ment (7) 表示“细小”的意思 后缀 -cle -cule -el -en -et -etta, -ette, -etto -kin 动作、性质、过程、状态 性质、状态、程度 行为、结果 行为的结果、状态、性质 含义 住所、地点 住所、场地 工作场所、饲养地、地点 工作场所、住处 含义 ……学，写法 ……学，……法 ……学，……论 ……学，……术 学科、学术 ……学，术，法 举例 baggage, tonnage newspaperdom depth, wealth, truth, length, growth latitude, altitude exposure, pressure, failure glory, history, inquiry 举例 village, cottage library, granary laundry, nursery, surgery factory, dormitory, laboratory 举例 biography, calligraphy, geography logic, mechanics, optics biology, zoology, technology astronomy, economy chemistry, cookery, machinery photography, philosophy (3) 带有场所、地方的含义 (4) 表示学术、科技含义 (5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义 neighbourhood, womanhood cavalry, ministry legislature, judicature 举例 solvent, constant signal, pictorial collar, pillar boiler, computer, washer, cooker drapery clothing, matting instrument, equipment, attachment 举例 particle molecule parcel chicken, maiden pocket, ticket cigarette napkin (6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义 ...............
-ling -let -y duckling booklet baby, doggy 2. 形容词后缀
(1) 带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义 后缀 -able, -ible -al -an, -ane -ant, -ent -ar -ary -ic, -atic, -ical -ine -ing -ish -ive -ory -il, -ile, -eel 后缀 -ish -esque -like -ly -some -y (3) 表示“充分的”含义 后缀 -ful -ous -ent 后缀 -en -ous -fic (5) 表示方向的含义 后缀 -ern -ward (6) 表示“倍数”的含义 后缀 1111111111
举例 movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible natural, additional, educational urban, suburban, republican distant, important, excellent similar, popular, regular military, voluntary politic, systematic, physical masculine, feminine, marine moving, touching, daring foolish, bookish, selfish active, impressive, decisive satisfactory, compulsory fragile, genteel 举例 boyish, childish picturesque manlike, childlike manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly troublesome, handsome milky, pasty 举例 beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful dangerous, generous, courageous, various violent 举例 wooden, golden, woolen gaseous scientific 举例 eastern, western downward, forward 举例 (2) 表示“相像，类似”的含义 (4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义 -ble -ple -fold (7) 表示“数量关系”的含义 后缀 -teen -ty -th 后缀 -an -ese -ish (9) 表示“比较程度”的含义 后缀 -er -ish -est -most (10) 其他的含义 后缀 -less 3. 动词后缀 后缀 -ize, -ise -en -fy -ish -ate 4. 副词后缀 后缀 -ly -ward, -wards -ways -wise
英语单词构词法——词根 词根 aer, ar ag, act, ig alt double, treble triple twofold, tenfold 举例 thirteen fifty fourth, fiftieth 举例 Roman, European Chinese English, Spanish 举例 greater reddish, yellowish highest foremost, topmost 含义 否定 举例 countless, stainless, wireless (8) 表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义 含义 做成，变成，……化 是成为，引起，使有 使……化，使成 使，令 成为……，处理，作用 举例 modernize, mechanize, organize quicken, weaken, soften, harden beautify, purify, intensify, signify finish, abolish, diminish, establish separate, operate, indicate 举例 possibly, swiftly, simply downward, inwards, upward always, sideways otherwise, clockwise 含义 空气，大气 做，动作 高 aeroplane, aerial 举例 active, agent, reaction altitude
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