这并非取决于演讲者的身份或演讲内容。 Such people often don’t speak“Oxford’’English， express themselves using perfect grammatical constructions, or even use appropriate words．
这些人通常并未使用“牛津”英语，亦未通过完美的语法结构进行自我表述，措辞决不是完美无缺， What they do have is resonance． 但他们能够引起听众的共鸣。
Such people tend to have beautiful，rich voices and to use the lower end of their voice range. 这些人往往具有优美流畅、丰富多彩的语音，并能够有效运用语音幅度中的低音部分。 Observe and listen to others． 观察和倾听他人的说话，
People who speak quickly and breathily in a high—pitched voice do not appear as assertive as those who speak more slowly using deeper voice tones．
那些语速较快、呼吸急促、音调较高的人似乎不如那些语速较慢、音调低沉的人更富有自信力。 The lower pitch conveys control and confidence． 音调低沉说明具有一定的控制力和足够的自信心。
It would be ridiculous to suggest that from now on you self-consciously lower the tone of your voice when you speak, but you can begin to achieve greater resonance by practicing the way you breathe．如果我们建议大家从现在开始，在今后的生活中讲话时有意识地降低音调，那样似乎太荒谬了。但您可以开始通过演练自己的呼吸方式来加强语音的共鸣感。
Try this . Stand in front of a mirror breathing naturally． 不妨尝试一下，站在一面镜子前自然地进行呼吸。 Now draw a deep breath. Does your chest expand ? 现在，深呼吸一口气，您的胸腔是否有所扩张? Do your shoulders rise? I think so． 肩膀是否有所提升?我认为一定会的， You are breathing“high”，using your rib rather than your abdominal muscles. 因为您正在运用肋间肌，而非腹肌进行深呼吸。
Try again， this time putting your hands across your stomach. 请再试一次，这次将双手交叉放在胃部。
When you breathe in, consciously keep your shoulders lowered and fill your lungs from the abdomen—you will feel your stomach expanding.
当您吸气时，有意识地降低自己的双肩，并使空气从腹部进入肺，这时您一定会感觉到胃部正在扩张。 If you practice abdominal breathing， you will be utilizing all，not just the top，of your lungs. which in itself must be beneficial．
如果您练习用腹肌进行呼吸，您将运用整个肺部，而不仅仅是肺的顶端，这样一定大有裨益。
You will also be engaging your diaphragm more， and this in turn will the lower end of your voice range and add resonance to your voice，conveying more authority. 您还可以更多地运用膈膜，这样将更加有助于语音幅度中的低音，并增加语音的响亮度，进而增强说服力。
Words delivered in a monotone soon become just that-monotonous! 采用单调、乏味的语音进行讲话，很快就会令人厌倦。
Your delivery will need light and shade if you want to keep the attention of your listener． 如果希望吸引听众的注意力，您的演讲风格中将需要加入一定的抑扬顿挫。
Assertive delivery requires smooth-flowing, resonant inflection； the voice will be relaxed with enough volume to be heard distinctly[明白地，清楚地]without being overpowering. 自信型的演讲要求流畅自然、
声音洪亮且富于变化，语音自然且音量适中,以便听者可以比较轻松地听清您讲话的内容。
However，there are some occasions when assertive behavior requires a little more power than generally recommended for everyday conversations．
不过，有时自信型的行为模式需要比日常对话具有更大的影响力。
If you were to see a small child about to put her hand into an activated food-processor， it would be inappropriate to say，in a low-pitched， relaxed way，“I’d prefer you not to put your hand into that food-processor．”
若看到一名儿童正在将手放入一台正在运转的食品加工机中，您就不应采用一种低沉、自然的口气对她说：“我希望你不要把手放入食品加工机中。” Assertive，yes； practical，no!
这种方式属于自信型吗?属于!实用吗?不实用!
Obviously， there are occasions— when someone’s personal safety is at risk，for instance—when more force of delivery is required．
显然，当他人面临一定的危险时，您的讲话方式应更加坚定有力。
The content of the communication doesn’t have to become aggressive.however． 不过，讲话内容本身未必要带有一定的攻击性。
In the above example，a loud，sharp“NO”to stop the action immediately and demand attention． 在上述例子中，合理的做法应该是通过大声、尖利地说“不”，来及时劝阻这个儿童的危险行为并引起他的注意。
followed by a forceful explanation of why that was a dangerous thing to do，would be an appropriate response，
随后有力地说明那样做为何十分危险。
whereas“Stop ! Don’t do that you stupid child!” would be an inappropriate (though human and understandable)one． 然而，“停下，你这傻孩子，不要这样做!”却是一种不当的方式(尽管较人道并且可以理解)。 The whole child is labeled as“stupid”rather than the action itself being criticized． 因为这样做是在批评这个儿童是“傻孩子”，而不是批评行动本身。
Appropriate volume and intonation without aggressive tones will give the other person the message that you mean business是认真的，谈正事的 .
适当的、不带攻击性和诋毁性的语音语调将能够促使对方意识到你这样做是“对事不对人!”
Another common failing is that when we are tense，overworked or just irritable，we often respond with a force totally inappropriate to the situation．
另一个常见的误区是我们处于紧张状态、劳累过度或明显急躁时，往往会采用一种根本不适合当时具体情况的、比较烦躁的答复方式。
To give an example：you are reading an interesting article in the Sunday papers. 比如您正阅读《星期日时报》刊登的一篇有趣的文章中，
Your partner is reading the supplement(副刊)and constantly(不断地 ) interrupts( 插嘴 )， reading aloud witty bits and snippets．
你的配偶正在阅读副刊并频繁地打搅您，大声地阅读着幽默短讯和新闻片段， It’s breaking your concentration and making you disturbed． 不断干扰您的注意力并让您心烦意乱。
You say nothing， but when she then asks something which requires a response，like“Do you want a
coffee?”
您没说什么，但是当她向您提起了某个问题并要求您回答时，如“你想喝杯咖啡吗?”
you respond“No，I don’t；we only had one half an hour ago．Why are you so talkative ! ” 您回答到：“不，不想喝!我们半小时之前刚喝过。你可真算得上是喋喋不休!”
The intensity of the response reflects your annoyance at the previous interruptions and is certainly unfair，and totally inappropriate to the situation.
这种严厉的答复方式表明您对配偶先前频繁打断自己的思路感到愤慨，当然，这样做对于对方而言显然是不公平的，而且完全不符和当时的实情。
(It might also reflect irritation at your own lack of assertion when earlier you should have said something like， “Can you read that to me 1ater ?This article is a bit complex and I need to concentrate．”)
这或许也反映出您因缺乏自信而显出气愤，您早该说：你能否稍后再读给我听?这篇文章比较复杂，我需要全神贯注地阅读。
There are occasions in everyone’s life，social and business，when the skill of using appropriate volume and force needs to be practiced．
在日常生活、社交及工作中，有时我们需要妥善地运用适度的音量和影响力的技能。
For example ,when you have given an assertive request in clear，level tones and that request is ignored， you have two choices： give up the fight and put up with the situation as it is， or make your request again， this time with a little more force．
比如当您用一种明确的平声调，满怀信心地提出某种要求时，而他人根本没有理睬您的要求，这时您有以下两种选择：放弃争论，听之任之；再次提出这一要求，这次需要加强一定的分量。 If you take the latter course， you could either change the way of your request， making it a directive which will give the message more“punch\／or increase volume，altering intonation to match the emotion behind the delivery．
若采用后一种选择，您或者可以通过改变方式来重新提出要求，使之更加具有命令性，从而强调信息的重要性；或提高音量，改变音调，以便符合演讲背后的情感要求。 If you are interested in this，you can have a try． 若对此感兴趣，您不妨一试。
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