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2010级非英语专业学生第3学期英语期末考试阅读和完型复习资料 Passage One
That morning, when I left the subway station, a man ran down the street screaming, “Someone just bombed the World Trade Center (WTC).” Within one split second I was torn between running into the WTC to help evacuate people and running back to the office. I had no luck calling and decided that as the director I should run to the office to see how everyone was. I made it to the office to find three staff members trying to piece together what was happening. We had no idea how bad this day was about to become. The nightmare continued as rumors were flying about Washington D.C. being attacked and other planes being hijacked.
Then the South Tower collapsed. Soon, a storm of dust came running toward the Seaport. At this time, the Body Positive Office went into action with the rest of the building and helped in setting up a temporary first-aid station in RED, the restaurant located on the street level.
As the second tower collapsed, thousands came running toward the Seaport, where our office is located. We started bringing bottled water down to the restaurant to serve them. Although nothing in my clinical training as a social worker could have fully prepared me for this, I knew that it was important for us to be supportive of the wide range of reactions that people would be having.
Soon, some people came in with first-aid needs. We continued throughout the morning, all the time listening to the radio and television for word from the Mayor on how to proceed. At 11:45 a.m., he requested that lower Manhattan evacuate. We made the announcement to all those resting in the restaurant that the building had to be closed. As we walked the streets finding our way out of the darkness on such a sunny day, fighter jets circled above the city.
Much has been written about the disaster already. We have learned so much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. Many parallels can be drawn between this disaster and the AIDS crisis from the multitude of losses to the bravery and courage displayed. Yet, we have only begun to understand what Tuesday, September 11, 2001 will truly mean to all of us. As I move forward, I am shocked by the images I witnessed, as much as I am so blessed to have been part of
the deluge (洪水) of helping hands that came to make a difference. 那天早上，当我走到地铁站，一名男子跑在街上尖叫，\有人就炸了世界贸易中心 (世贸中心)。\
在一个瞬间内我是左右为难世贸中心帮助疏散到办公室的人和跑到运行。 我有没有运气的电话，并决定处长我应该跑到办公室去看看每个人都是如何。 我到办公室去找三名工作人员试图拼凑发生了什么事了。 我们还不知道是多么糟糕的这一天正是想成为的。 如传言满天飞华盛顿继续的噩梦 被攻击和其他飞机被劫持。 然后南塔楼倒塌。
一场风暴的灰尘很快向海港的方向跑。
在这个时候，身体正处走进与建筑物的其余部分的行动，帮助设立临时急救站红色，坐落在街道上的餐厅。
当第二个大楼倒塌，数以千计的时候向海港，我们办公室所在的方向跑。 我们开始把瓶装的水带下来到餐饮为他们服务。
虽然一点我为社会工作者的临床训练中可以有充分准备这，我知道这是重要的我们要支持范围广泛的人会有的反应。
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不久，有些人来与急救需求。
我们继续整个早上，word 如何进行市长在电台和电视听的所有时间。 在 11:45 上午
他要求曼哈顿下城撤离。
我们发表的所有那些在餐馆里建设不得不暂停休息。
我们走在街上，在这阳光灿烂的日子上找到我们走出黑暗，战斗机盘旋在城市上空。 很多人写过关于这场灾难已经。
我们知道了这么多在这样小的时间内欣赏生活有关。
很多的相似之处可以勇敢、 勇气显示从众多的损失得出这场灾难与艾滋病危机。 然而，我们只是开始了解星期二 2001 年 9 月 11 日将真正意味着什么，我们所有人。
我向前的时候，我感到震惊的形象，我目睹了，就像这样，我很幸运的帮助来有所作为的手已经泛滥 (洪水) 的一部分。 Passage Two
Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A man about to interview for his dream job gets stuck in traffic. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a blinding headache. A runner twists his ankle minutes before a big race. Perfect examples of cruel fate.
Or are they? Psychologists who study such common unlucky accidents now believe that in many instances, they may be carefully planned schemes of the subconscious mind. In their new book, Your Own Worst Enemy, Steven Berglas of Harvard Medical School and Mclean Hospital in Belmont, Mass, and Roy Baumeister of Case Western Reserve University contend that people often engage in a from of self-defeating behavior known as self-handicapping- or in plain terms, excuse-making. It’s a simple process: by taking on a crippling handicap, a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor. Though it seems like a crazy thing to do, Berglas and Baumeister say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win situation by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail.
A classic self-handicapper is the French chess champion Deschapelles, who lived during the 18th century. Deschapelles was a great player who quickly became champion of his region. But when competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: he would compete only if his opponent would remove one of Deschapelle’s pawns (卒) and make the first move, increasing the odds that Deschapelles would lose. If he did lose, he could blame it on the other player’s advantage and no one would know the true limits of his ability; but if he won against such odds, he would be all the more respected for his amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term “Deschapelles coup” to refer to acts of self-handicapping popular in today’s world.
Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they’ve invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving (带水肺的潜水) for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he’s not feeling too well.
In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success, says Berglas, who is a consultant to several leading business executives. Such people are so afraid of being labeled a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain their failures.
Though self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping with performance anxiety now
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and then, in the end, researchers say, it is a Faustian Bargain (浮士德契约). Over the long run, excuse makers fail to live up to their true potential and lose the status they care so much about. And despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame. 坏运气似乎总是在最坏的可能时刻罢工。
约他梦寐以求的工作面试的人获取在交通堵塞。 以她的期末考试法律学生致盲的头痛醒过来。 转轮波折大比赛前他的脚踝分钟。 残酷的命运极好的例证。 还是他们吗？
心理学家研究这种常见的不幸事故，现在相信在很多情况下，他们可能潜意识精心策划的方案。
在他们的新预订，您自己最大敌人，贝尔蒙特麦克莱恩医院与哈佛医学院的 Steven Berglas 大众，和凯斯西储大学的罗伊 · 鲍抗衡的人经常从事从弄巧成拙行为称为自我设限的-或平原来说，借口。
这是一个简单的过程： 通过对一个严重的缺陷，一个人就更有可能的是他或她会在努力失败。
它似乎是件疯狂的事，虽然 Berglas 和鲍说这是真正聪明的技巧，心灵，一个用来通过允许一个人设置赢了面子，当他或她不会失败。经典的 self-handicapper 是法国国际象棋冠军 Deschapelles，住在 18 世纪的过程中。
Deschapelles 是地区的一个伟大的球员，他们很快就成为他冠军。
但当竞争长大更严厉，他通过了新的条件的所有匹配项： 他将竞争只有当他的对手会删除 Deschapelle 的棋子 (卒) 之一，并作出第一步，Deschapelles 将会失去的几率增加。
如果丢失了他，他可以把它归咎于对方的优势和无人知道他的真实的限制，他的能力 ；
但如果他赢了这样的不利，他会更加尊重他惊人的人才。
心理学家现在使用\政变\一词指自我设限在当今世界流行的行为。 总体而言，男性多于女性，找借口。
几项研究表明男人觉得有必要出现主管在所有的领域，而妇女只担心，他们已经大量投资的技能。
问一个男人和一个女人去潜水 (带水肺的潜水) 第一次，和这个女人很可能跳到水中，虽然男人很可能会先让大家知道，他不太舒服。
事实上，最有可能成为慢性借口制造商的人是那些痴迷成功，说 Berglas，他是一位顾问，几个主要业务的高管。
这样的人都如此害怕被标记为故障时什么他们不断开发一个障碍或另一种为了解释他们的失败。虽然自我设限可以是有效的办法，应对性能焦虑的最后，研究者说，是次浮士德式的交易 (浮士德契约)。
长期来看，借口制造商不能辜负他们的真正潜能和很多关于失去他们关心的状态。 尽管他们的抗议，相反，他们只能怪自己。 Passage Three
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: More often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They
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fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, self-improvement.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing feature.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: Now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: Buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: We now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. 人们持有的看法，即等于充满乐趣、 无痛苦的生活幸福实际上降低了他们的机会不断实现真正的幸福。
如果开心和快乐是等于幸福则必须等于不幸痛。
但事实上，恰恰相反： 通向幸福的事情往往不涉及一些痛苦。 因此，很多人避免非常的尝试的是真正的快乐之源。
他们害怕疼痛不可避免地带来的婚姻，提高儿童、 专业成就、 宗教承诺、 自强不息之类的东西。
问他为什么抗拒婚姻即使他发现要少令人满意的约会学士。 如果他是诚实他会告诉你他是怕作出的承诺。 因为承诺其实是很痛苦的。
单身生活被充满乐趣、 冒险和兴奋。
婚姻有这样的时刻，但它们不是它的最显著特点。
与未成年子女的夫妇很幸运，得到了整整一个晚上的睡眠或一个为期三天的假期。 我不知道任何会选择 word 乐趣来描述养育孩子的父母。
但决定不生孩子的夫妇永远不会知道的看着长大的孩子或孙子玩的乐趣。 了解和接受真正的幸福并不是与趣味是最彻底的解放的体现之一。
它解放时间： 现在我们可以真正可以增加我们的幸福的活动投入更长的时间。
它解放钱： 购买新车或那些漂亮的衣裳，无助于提高我们的幸福，现在看起来毫无意义。
它解放我们从羡慕： 我们现在知道所有那些总是有很多乐趣的人实际上可能不快乐根本。
Passage Four
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might
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