限时训练(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
话题：书店 ABriefHistoryofWaterstone’s
Waterstone’sisthelargestbookstorechainintheUKandIrelandwith296storesand4,500employees
butitsmarketsharehasrecentlydeclinedandsaleshavebeenpoor.
Thebookmarketsufferedduringtheeconomydeclinesandtheemergenceofnewe-readers，suchastheAmazonKindle，waspullingmorecustomersawayfromthehighstreet.
A&NNwillpayforWaterstone’sintwoparts￡
，
oneof
￡
40millionandoneof
，，，
难度：★ 13million.ThedealwillonlycompleteifHMVcanrenegotiateitsbankfacilities
thoughHMVsaysthebanksaresupportiveofthesale.Pensiontrusteesandthepensionsregulatoralsohavetoapprove.
HMVchiefexecutiveSimonFoxsaidA&NNwouldbeagoodhomeforWaterstone’s
，
whilethesalewillreduceborrowingsandenableHMVtofocusonplansfortransformingthebusinessintoabroad-basedentertainmentbusiness.
A&NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstone’soncethedealcompletes.MrDauntcurrentlyrunsDauntBooks
asmallchainofLondon-basedbookshopshefoundedin1990.
，
Waterstone’sfounderTimWaterstoneopenedhisfirststorein1982atatimewhenfellowbookloverswerepresentedwithfewoptionsonthehighstreet.ThetopbooksellerwasWHSmith，MrWaterstone’sformeremployerofeightyearsbeforehewasdismissedwhichhefeltwasfailingtogointoabroadmarketofliteraturefans.
ThefirststorewasopenedinOldBromptonRoad
andtheformerbanker’sintuitionwascorrectasthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength.
MrWaterstone
，
whohaswrittenfournovels
，，，
sawarecoveryinthemarketdrivenbydemandfortheworksofanewwaveofliterarystarsincludi
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ngSalmanRushdie，IanMcEwan，JohnBanvilleandMartinAmis.Havingfoundedthefirmwithhis￡6,000，MrWaterstonesoldthechaintohisformeremployerWHSmithin1993for￡47million. 语篇解读 本文讲述了连锁书店Waterstone’s的变迁。 1.Accordingtothepassage
whoisthemostlikelytobethemanagingdirectorofWaterstone’sinthenearfuture? A.MrWaterstone. C.JamesDaunt. 答案 C 解
析
细
节
理
解
题
。
根
据
第
五
段
第
一
句
B.JohnBanville. D.SimonFox.
，
“A&NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstone’soncethedealcompletes.”可知C项正确。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intuition”meaninthepassage? A.Instinctiveknowledge. C.Calmconsideration. 答案 A 解析
词义猜测题。根据
intuition
所在的段落中的
B.Mentalimage. D.Indirectsuggestion.
“asthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength”以及全文语境可知intuition表示的是银行家的“直觉”，故选A项。
B
话题：失眠
AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicinesuggeststhatgettingoutofbedwhenyoucan’tsleepmightpreventyoursleeplessnightfrombecomingchronicinsomnia(慢性失眠).
Aftermonitoringthesesleephabitsof416participantsforoneyear
，
难度：★★ researchersfoundthatnightowlswhorestrictedtheirtimeinbedweremorelikelytosleepsoundlyoncetheydidfallasleep.Thosewhoremainedinbedwhentheycouldn’tsleepontheotherhand，weremorelikelytodevelopchronicinsomnia.
Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst
，，
itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.“Thosewithinsomniatypicallyextendtheirsleepopportunity，”saidMichaelPerlis，PhD.“Theygotobedearly，getoutofbedlate
，
andtheynap.Whilethisseemsareasonablethingtodo
，，
2
andmaywellbeintheshortterm
theprobleminthelongertermisthatitcreatesamismatchbetweentheindividual’scurrentsleepabilityandtheircurrentsleepopportunity
；
thisfuelsinsomnia.”Theseseeminglyharmlesshabitscouldbecausingyourinsomnia，too.
“Soifyou’restrugglingtofallasleepatnight
，
trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.Notonlycouldyoufallasleepinjustanhour
，
butyouwillalsodosofasterandsleepbetterthanifyouhadjuststayedinbed，”PerlistoldRealSimple.“Andtrytoresisttheurgetotakeanaporsleepinthenextday
poweringthroughcanhelpyoufallasleepthefollowingnight.”
；
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，失眠时不应强迫自己入睡，最好的做法是起床做点其他的事，这样可以预防慢性失眠。 3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inParagraph3mean? A.Contrarytocommonbelief. B.Unlikeanythingelse. C.Similartofirstreaction. D.Beyondwildestimagination. 答案 A 解析
词义猜测题。根据第三段内容和画线词所在句
，
“Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst
itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.”可知，尽管一开始你可能会觉得这条建议违反常理，但一旦你明白失眠的原因就会觉得它(这条建议)合乎情理。由此可推知，画线词和makesense应表达相反的意思。所以“counterintuitive”意为“(想法、提议等)违反常理的”，和“contrarytocommonbelief”意思相近。故选A。 4.WhatdoesPerlisadviseforasleeplessnight? A.Getoutofbed. C.Keepwideawake. 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Soifyou’restrugglingtofallasleepatnight，trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.”可知，Perlis建议失眠时起床做其他的事。故选A。
5.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext? A.Topromoteahealthylifestyle. B.Tointroduceanewfinding.
3
B.Remaininbed. D.Takeanap.
C.Toencouragesimilarstudy.
D.Todiscussthecauseofsleeplessness. 答案 B
解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于失眠的新研究，即失眠时最好的做法是起床做其他的事。由此可知，作者写本文的目的是向读者介绍这项研究的内容。故选B。
C
话题：细菌
Ifyou’remakingresolutionsforahealthiernewyear
，
难度：★★★ consideragutmakeover.Refashioningthecommunityofbacteriaandothermicrobeslivinginyourintestinaltract
，
collectivelyknownasthegutmicrobiome
，
couldbeagoodlong-terminvestmentinyourhealth.
Trillionsofmicrobialcellsinhabitthehumanbodyoutnumberinghumancellsby10tooneaccordingtosomeestimates
，，
andgrowingevidencesuggeststhatthericharrayofintestinalmicrobiotahelpsusprocessnutrientsinthefoodsweeat
，
bolsterstheimmunesystemanddoesallsortsofoddjobsthatpromotesoundhealth.Adiminishedmicrobialecosystem
，
ontheotherhand
，，，，
isbelievedtohaveconsequencesthatextendfarbeyondtheintestinaltractaffectingeverythingfromallergiesandinflammationmetabolicdiseaseslikediabetesandobesity
evenmentalhealthconditionslikedepressionandanxiety.
Muchofthecompositionofthemicrobiomeisestablishedearlyinlife
，
shapedbyforceslikeyourgeneticsandwhetheryouwerebreast-fedorbottle-fed.Microbialdiversitymaybefurtherunderminedbythetypicalhigh-calorieAmericandiet，richinsugar，meatsandprocessedfoods.Butanewstudyinmiceandpeopleaddstoevidencethatsuggestsyoucantakestepstoenrichyourgutmicrobiota.Changingyourdiettoonecontainingavarietyofplant-basedfoods
，
thenewresearchsuggests
，
maybecrucialtoachievingahealthiermicrobiome.
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