UNIT1 1．
Why does the speaker urge people to be patient?
Because he understands that the war is long and tough. it is not to end in months but in years. he tells the people there that however long the war last, the final victory belongs to Britain. but at the same time he makes it clear that not everyday is an opportunity to take action. they have yet to wait and persevere. 2．
why does the speaker advise the British people to treat triumph and disaster in the
same way?
Because he thinks that both triumph and disaster are deceptive in that people can make things out far worse than they really are when they are in triumph. what is the change in the widespread mood referred to in p5?
When Britain came under the heavy air attacks by Germany .many other nations thought that Britain was finished. As the country stood the ordeal to their great surprise, those nations changed their view. 3．
why does the speaker change darker into sterner?
Because he has a strong conviction of victory. The 2terms have different implications. when used in the text to refer to the days of war, ”darker days” emphasizes the negative aspect of the event and shows the user’s pessimism.’ sterner days’ ,though identical in its reference ,suggests optimism and pride in having the chance to rise the challenge. 4．
Do you think the speaker had achieved his purpose by the end of his speech?
Yes, I do. By paying a visit to Harrow School and making a speech there, Churchill not only encouraged the audience of his speech but the British people in general to continue to fight rather than surrender to their enemy.
1
UNIT2
1. Why does the writer describe his experience at the bank?
Because he wants to show the importance of personal space in maintaining public order. If one’s personal space is invaded, he may, in preserving his own space, break into others, personal space. The chain action can cause chaos in public order. 2. How is the concept of personal space defined?
The author defines personal space as one’s individual sphere with the self at the center and a certain distance on each side. It is part of one’s privacy, the invasion of which necessarily makes one uneasy.
3. what is meant by “this tendency” in p4? How does the author think of its causes? It refers to the phenomenon exemplified in the previous paragraph, that is , the escalation of the invasion of personal space. The writer used to think this was caused by the population explosion via Malthusian logic. Summer dress some people are more attractive. In addition, he suggests, in seriousness or jest, the stimulating effect of caffeine contributes to the escalation of the invasion of personal space too.
4. what is the characteristic of personal space as described in p5?
The writer mainly describes one important characteristic of personal space: personal space is a relative concept；People in different regions have different concepts of personal space. The size of personal space varies according to where one lives, where one has a spread, he will have a more spacious concept of personal space than those who do not have a large place of their own.
5.why is personal space shrinking in general?
Because people are more self-absorbed than before. In other words they are paying less attention to the outside world, including personal space, personal space in effect encourages space invasion.
2
U3
1. what is the author’s viewpoint about the benefit of the internet? What dose he see about its negative side?
As the author sees it, the internet is most likely to make our global village a better place to live in. it provides a miraculous forum for the globalization of ideas, which contributes to the realization of human potential. Furthermore, it is a powerful tool for the acquisition and application of knowledge. The benefits of the internet, however, may be darkened by the negative consequences. It may deprive the use of his time for necessary interaction with other society members so that the whole world may be further fragmented. In addition, there is a reasonable likelihood that the internet presents too much information, which gives the user a skewed sense of reality by making him cognitively overloaded.
2. what happened to the author’s friend as regards the internet? What negative consequences did he see about it?
His friend was addicted to the internet. He would spend even over 24 hours non-stop on the internet so that he had to force himself to go off line. As he spent so much time in cyberspace, his sense of reality might have been crooked. Moreover, without any face-to-face verbal communication with other people, he felt lonely and depressed.
3. what alienated society members before the internet gained popularity? What alienates them in the information age?
The alienation of society members had begun long before the internet started to be used worldwide. After World War 2,when the soldiers returned from the battlefields, they devoted themselves to “progress”。Large quantities of cars were manufactured, which fed the creation of suburbs, and consequently people lived far apart from each. The Internet, however, has added to the problem and Internet addicts are far from rare. As illustrated by the example of the author’s nephew, it seems to be an irreversible trend that more and more people, old and young, are becoming addicted to the Internet. They will spend many hours non-stop in cyberspace rather than with their families or friends. For lace of communication, they are becoming strangers to other people. Therefore, there is a good reason to believe that society is being further alienated by the Internet.
4. what is meant by the “cruel irony” that appears in p4?
Means that the Internet provides the user with a convenient means of communicating and making friends with people far apart on the one hand, but on the other, it estranges the user from the people around him by canceling his availability for face-to-face communication even with his families and close friends and for involvement in community activities.
5. how, according to the author, can the potential of the internet be realized?
The potential of the Internet as a powerful tool for globalizing ideas and for acquiring and applying knowledge can only be realized when user strikes a balance between reality and the Internet. Although the Internet makes it possible for the user to debate, shop, travel and have romance in cyberspace without leaving home, the overuse of this tool probably results in a distorted sense of reality. The only of this tool without losing one’s sense of place in the world.
3
U4
1. why is a view of mountains provided by a picture so significant that it was chosen as the title of the essay?
A view of mountains in the distance rather than the wreckage is meant to remind the viewer of the city that was leveled to ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there. This is where the significance of the picture lies. 2.why are Yamahata’s pictures still news?
Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing 50 years ago.
3.in what way is the bombing of Nagasaki the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger?
The bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in 2 respects. First, it is evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not been the originally chosen target of the nuclear attacks in the future. That is, every city in the world is liable to nuclear destruction. 4. what is the universal meaning of Yamahata’s photos?
They were intended to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear weapons and express an apprehension of the nuclear peril menacing the world.
5 do Yamahata’s pictures fully express the author’s intention of writing? Why or why not? No, it only expresses part of it. Because the writer intends not only to express his apprehension of the nuclear threat but more importantly, to call on the people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weaponry from the earth.
4
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