Section Ⅳ Grammar
动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
1．(教材P18)You may find it astonishing(astonish) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.(宾语补足语)
2．(教材P18)Such training was common in acting(act) families at this time，especially when the family income was often uncertain.(定语)
3．(教材P18)No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining(entertain)．(宾语补足语)
4．(教材P18)He grew more and more popular as his charming(charm) character，the little tramp，became known throughout the world.(定语)
5．(教材P18)He walked around stiffly carrying a walking(walk) stick.(定语)
6．(教材P18)The acting is so convincing(convince) that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.(表语)
动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing ...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
◆The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。
◆His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。
不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 ◆Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 【即时演练1】——单句语法填空
①His job is very boring(bore), but he has to depend on it to support his family. ②This result is very disappointing(disappoint) and we don’t know what to say. ③It was amazing(amaze) that he didn’t keep his word as before.
动词-ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。
1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。 ◆No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。
◆There is a swimming pool in our school. 我们学校有一个游泳池。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
◆The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother. 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
◆The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance. ＝The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance. 那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
◆You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。
◆The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。
◆I’m looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。
【即时演练2】——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking(walk) stick in her hand.
②I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work to__do(do)．
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) When we got a call saying(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
④正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
→The__man__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.
→The__man__who__is__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。
◆I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。 ◆I saw the little boy crying there. 我看到小男孩在那儿哭。
2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。
◆We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。
◆I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
◆Be careful, or you’ll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。 3．用于with复合结构中。
◆I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
◆With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
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