B译文

Group B

1. It is quite understandable that the United Nations, having no life except that which its members gave to it, should show evidence of the maladies that is present in the world today.

正因为联合国的生命完全是它的成员国赋予的， 因此联合国也呈现出今天世界上所存在的各种病症，这是完全可以理解的。

2. There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be，an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.

全世界报界曾经把基辛格渲染成魔术师一般的人物， 他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误的印象，因为正如他自己愿意承认的， 他有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像是这样一种人物了， 这有几个原因。

3. I must say that his statement was laudable for its frankness and quite plausible on the basis of premises which, I’m afraid, are invalid in the context of the United Nations Charter. ( from the United Nations documents )

应当说， 他发言坦率， 这是值得称赞的， 听起来也颇有道理， 然而按照联合国宪章的精神，这些话所依具的前提恐怕是站不住脚

的。

4. The Growth of class consciousness among the workers was inhibited by continued high levels of employment and rising earnings for almost 15 years, combined with the propaganda of views in the labor movement reflecting the influence of Keynesian theories about the ability of capatalism to solve permanently the problem of “ boom and bust”through a “ managed econimy” of built-in tabilizers. 将近15年来，就业率一直保持高水平，工资收入不断增 长。 凯恩斯有一套理论， 认为资本主义制度有能力通过名曰“内在稳定因素” 的“国家调节经济”永远解决繁荣与萧条交替出现的问题。 而劳工运动则宣传反应凯恩斯理论影响的观点。这种种因素结合在一起，就使工人阶级觉悟的提高受到阻碍。

5. The facts of science are not , as some think dry and lifeless. They are living things, filling with sweetest poetry the ear that listens to them, and with fadeless harmony of colors the eye that looks upon them.

科学上的某些事实并不像有些人所想的那样枯燥无味和没有生命力。科学事实是活生生的东西。倾听它们，耳中就充满最美的诗篇；眺望它们，眼中就充满永不消退的和谐色彩。

Science and the Future 科学和未来

In preceding units, we have examined briefly some of the characteristics, methods, effects and problems of present-day science. At this stage it may be worth considering a few of the ways in which it may develop in the near future, i.e. the next decade or so.

在前几个单元中， 我们扼要地探讨了当今科学的一些特点、方法、作用和问题。目前也许值得考虑一下，科学在不久的将来，及今后十年左右可能发展的一些方式。

To begin with, we can expect applied science to produce a vast increase in entirety new synthetic products of all kinds. These will range from light-weight, high-strength materials for use in the many specialized branches of engineering, to drugs and chemicals with a greatly increased selectivity which can be use in medicine and agriculture. However, in this latter case in particular, it may be predicted that the widespread application and combination of new and more complex products will give rise to unexpected inter-reactions or side-effects. For this reason, greatly intensified programs of research will be required in order to discover and eliminate the harmful results of such combinations.

首先，我们可以预料，应用科学将使各种各样崭新的合成产品大量增加。这些产品中会有适用于工程中很多专业化分支的重量轻、强度高的材料，也会有适用于医学和农业方面选择性大大增加的药品和化学品。然而，也可以预言，新的、更复杂的产品的广泛应用和结合使用一定会引起意料不到的相互反应和副作用，在医学和农业方面尤其如此。因此，需要大大加强研究计划，以便发现和消除这种结合的有害后果。

Another point is that the rapid expansion of industrialization throughout the world must inevitably lead to a progressive exhaustion of natural resources. If we wish to counter-balance these losses to some extent, we shall have to follow two main courses of action: (a) much greater efforts will have to be applied to conservation, particularly of such items as soil, water, fuels and minerals; (b) more efficient methods of exploitation and utilization will have to be developed.

另外一点是， 由于全世界工业化的迅速发展，自然资源必将不可避免地逐步耗尽。我们如果要在某种程度上抵消这些损失，就必须采取两个主要的行动步骤：一、必须做出更大的努力去保护特别是像土壤水、燃料和矿藏这几方面的资源；二、 必须研究出一些开发和利用资源方面更为有效的方法。

In the more developed countries, the automatization of industry will lead to a high degree of efficiency in the production of manufactured goods, and is likely to have far-reaching social effects. For instance workers will need to be more highly trained and more flexible—they will probably have to be capable of changing from one skilled job to another—and they will also have more free time, as they will work fewer hours per day. This in turn will necessitate a considerable expansion and

re-orientation of education. Another result of automation should be to accelerate the accumulation of surplus capital, which could then be made available for the purpose of assisting the emerging countries to solve some of the problems of underdevelopment. It should, however, be borne in mind that this proves itself might involve a chain of difficulties, in this case of a political nature.

在比较发达的国家里，由于工业自动化，工业品生产会达到效率很高的程度，并且可能产生深远的社会影响。例如，工人们必须受更高程度的训练和具有更大的适应性 --- 因为他们可能必须具备从一种技术工作转换做另一种技术工作的能力。工人们随着每天工作时间的减少，将会有更多的空余时间，这样，教育就必须大大发展并重新确定方向。自动化的另一个结果应该是加快剩余资本的积累，这种资本以后可以用来帮助新兴国家解决有关不发达的一些问题。然而，应该记住，这个过程本身牵涉到属于政治性质的一系列困难。

In general, the application—or misapplication—of science and technology in all fields is certain to affect the structure of society as a whole. This will remain true whether we are dealing with the application of psychology to advertising and political propaganda, or engineering to the mass media of communication of medical science to the problems of over-population or old age. This could lead to the development of a special discipline, whose job would be to estimate the social consequences of all major research and development (R and D) projects before they are put into large-scale operation. It should here be pointed out that one of the most powerful trends in present-day science is for separate branches to converge and form interrelated groups of studies. If this trend continues, it may in fact lead to the emergence of an entirely new type of scientist, i.e. the multi-disciplinary coordinator.

总的来讲，科学技术在各个领域中的应用和误用，必然会影响整个社会的结构。无论我们说的是把心理学用之于广告和政治宣传，或者是把工程学用之于大众传播媒介，或者把医学科学用之于人口过多或老年等问题，情况将都是如此。这可能是一门专门学科得以发展，其任务是在所有主要的研究和开发项目付诸大规模实施前，对它们的社会后果进行评估。在这里应该指出，当今科学中最强烈的倾向之一，是使一些独立的学科分支汇合起来，形成相互联系的研究群体。这种倾向如果继续发展下去，事实上就可能出现一种完全新型的科学家，

As we have previously seen, international cooperation has become greatly intensified in recent years and this tendency will doubtless become even more strongly marked in the future. It is therefore likely that the scientific efforts of individual countries will tend to be unified and coordinated by supra-national entities, and the more this is done, the greater the probability that supra-national governments will eventually be set up.

正向我们以前已经看到的那样，国际合作近几年已大大加强，这种倾向将来会毫无疑问变得更加突出。因此，情况很可能是个别国家的科学努力将由跨国实体进行统一和协调。而且这方面的工作做得越多，最后建立跨国管理机构的可能性就越大。

National governments, also, will be brought into closer and closer contact with science. To quote only one reason, the State will have to provide an increasingly large proportion of the money spent on scientific investigation: it can therefore be expected to play an increasingly important role in the planning of R and D programs.